MAZ-200: specifications, price, reviews and photos

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42

The Soviet truck MAZ-200 (photos are presented on the page) is the most powerful car created in the post-war period. In 1945 of the last century, prototypes of the legendary car were assembled at the Yaroslavl Automobile Plant. Tests were also carried out there. Then all the documentation was transferred to the Minsk Automobile Building Plant. In 1951, mass production of the seven-ton MAZ-200 truck began.

Backstory

In August 1945, the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted a resolution "On the development of road transport." Based on this directive, the construction of the Minsk Automobile Plant began. According to the plan, 15,000 dump trucks were to roll off the assembly line annually, while at the same time it was supposed to launch the production of heavy-duty trailers.

First of all, an experimental workshop was built in Minsk, as well as an engineering building. The Department of the Chief Designer was fully staffed with specialists and could already issue production documentation. The personnel department worked at full capacity, there was a set of skilled workers, minders, mechanics, painters and drivers. In the post-war years, there was a shortage of specialists, the consequenceswars made themselves felt. However, the younger generation willingly went to the plant under construction, the youth realized the importance of the development of road transport for the restoration of the national economy. The personnel issue was thus resolved in a short time.

First steps

In January 1947, the Yaroslavl plant sent several prototypes of the YaAZ-200 flatbed vehicle and the YaAZ-205 dump truck, which immediately went into work. And already in the autumn of 1947, the first five MAZs were assembled in the Minsk experimental workshop. New machines participated in a festive demonstration on November 7, dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the October Revolution. After the holiday, all five MAZ-205 vehicles were handed over to the builders of the Minsk Automobile Plant.

The design of the YAZ-205 and all the technical characteristics were completely repeated in the MAZ-205 model, the difference was only in the design of the radiator grille. In the Yaroslavl analogue, it was located horizontally, and in the Minsk car - vertically. The Belovezhskaya bison, a beautiful powerful animal, has become a symbol of Minsk production. He decorated the side panels of the engine compartment. The emblem was a miniature chrome bas-relief and was installed on all serial production cars. Exhibition and gift copies were decorated with a figurine of the Bialowieza bison, which was installed on the hood of the car in the center.

Start of serial production

In 1948, 206 cars were produced at the Minsk Automobile Plant. Assembly was carried out in the workshops, wooden cabins were also made. All accessories, units andknots were imported from Yaroslavl and other regions. After the commissioning of the first stage of the enterprise, the Minsk plant started working at full capacity. In 1949, 500 dump trucks were produced.

The whole country followed the development of automotive production in Minsk. For mastering the production of new heavy trucks, dump trucks and trailers, specialists from the Yaroslavl and Minsk Automobile Plants were awarded the Stalin Prize. Mazovians were among the laureates: chief technologist M. Yu. Koni, chief designer G. M. Kokin and chief engineer B. V. Obukhov. Director of the Minsk Automobile Plant G. B. Martirosov and a group of employees received government awards, medals and orders.

Production

The car took its place among the Soviet cargo vehicles along with ZILs and began to successfully carry out the tasks of transporting goods in the resurgent national economy of the country. The car was operated almost throughout the entire territory of the USSR, its production continued until 1965, in total 230,000 cars were produced. Separate copies worked in the eighties, thanks to a good repair base. Currently, MAZ-200 trucks are a thing of the past; several surviving vehicles are rarities. Individual copies are the pride of collectors.

MAZ-200, specifications

• years of issue - 1951-1965;
• manufacturer - Minsk Automobile Plant;
• class - cargo;
• layout - rear-wheel drive, front-engine;
• wheel formula - 4 x 2.

Engine:

• brand - YaAZ 204A;
• location - longitudinal;
• type - diesel;
• feed system - high pressure nozzles;
• cylinder displacement - 4,654 cc;
• power - 110 hp With. at 1300 rpm;
• torque - 460 Nm, at 1200-1400 rpm;
• number of cylinders - 4;
• work order 1 - 3 - 4 - 2;
• compression ratio - 16;
• cylinder diameter - 108mm;
• stroke - 127mm;
• configuration - in-line.

Transmission:

• type - 5-speed, mechanical;
• index - 204.

Gear ratios:

• fifth gear - 0.78;
• fourth gear - 1, 00;
• third gear - 1, 79;
• second gear - 3, 40;
• first gear - 6, 17;
• reverse - 6, 69;
• final drive axles - 8, 21;

Clutch - double disc dry.

Dimensions and weight:

• curb weight - 6560 kg;
• gross weight - 23,060 kg;
• ground clearance (clearance) - 290 mm;
• front track - 1950 mm;
• rear track - 1920 mm;
• wheelbase - 4520 mm;
• length - 7620 mm;
• height - 2430 mm;
• width - 2650 mm.

Fuel consumption - 35 liters per 100 kilometers.

The volume of the fuel tank is 225 liters.

Chassis and steering

• type of steering mechanism - worm-sector;
• gear ratio - 21, 5;
• front suspension - longitudinal semi-elliptical springs with reciprocating hydraulic shock absorbers;
• rear suspension (for the middle and last axle) - longitudinal semi-elliptical springs with reinforcing doublers and reciprocating hydraulic shock absorbers.

Brake system

Pneumatic all-wheel drive, atmospheric air from the high pressure receiver, pumped by a compressor located in the engine compartment. The pressure was regulated by a valve that periodically bleeds excess air. The braking system was far from perfect and often failed. The car, which lost its brakes on the move, became uncontrollable. For this reason, work was carried out to improve the design of the hand brake. On the latest cars, the handbrake consisted of two "shoes" compressing the flywheel of the crankshaft. At the same time, the handbrake drive was mechanical and was activated by a pull from the lever to the right of the driver. Such a handbrake was called emergency. The brakes on all six wheels were drum brakes with adjustable pads.

Production technologies

For the first time in the Soviet Union, gearbox synchronizers were used on the MAZ-200 car, ensuring smooth gear shifting. A tachometer appeared on the instrument panel, which was rare at the time.

Initially, the MAZ-200, whose engine was copied from the American counterpart, was produced under a partial license. Then the domestic YaAZ-204 engine was developed and the car became a completely independent production unit, having established itself in its name - MAZ-200. The model passed a series of tests, the results of which made a decision to create an army modification. Months of refurbishment work lay ahead.

During the military development of the MAZ-200, the engine of which was boosted to 120 hp. with., received high sides, longitudinal folding benches for transporting personnel, removable arches for an awning and a winch. The traction characteristics of the winch mechanism made it possible to pull vehicles weighing up to 10 tons.

The civil vehicle MAZ-200 also continued to develop, first of all, the cabin was modernized. At the first stage of production, the cabin was assembled on a wooden frame, followed by sheathing with metal sheets. It was a rather complicated technological process that took a lot of time. The situation improved somewhat when stamping techniques appeared. Separate parts of the cabin were made on a mold and then connected by contact welding.

Tractor truck

The MAZ-200V vehicle was created for towing cargo semi-trailers. The car was equipped with a 135 hp diesel engine. s., this was enough to drive with a trailer on even roads at a speed of 45 km / h.

Use cases

The MAZ-205 dump truck became the most common car produced on the basis of the MAZ-200. Further application of the basicthe chassis was quite diverse: under the general designation "MAZ-200D" tankers, a tanker MAZ-200-TZ, milk carriers (AC-525), watering and washing machines (PM9), cranes (K-51, K-52, K-53), container ships (APK-6). The MAZ-200 fireman was in special demand among business executives. It was a versatile vehicle with multiple features. Created on the basis of the MAZ-200 (photo is presented on the page), with water monitors and retractable ladders 32 meters long, the fire engine has become an effective means of extinguishing fires. Sometimes the car was used in construction.

Refrigeration units CHAR-1-200, which were produced by a refrigeration plant in Cherkessk, were also installed on the MAZ-200 chassis. All-wheel drive timber carrier MAZ-501 was produced in small batches. The MAZ-200 truck was an inexhaustible source of new modifications.

Improvements

In the course of production, the MAZ-200 was repeatedly upgraded. The direction indicators were combined with sidelights, the windshields were made monolithic, they no longer opened as before. A new band-type parking brake was developed and installed. Powerful batteries of the 6-STM-128 type were placed under the passenger seats. The regular generator was replaced with a new G-25B, the old starter was abolished, replacing it with a more powerful, high-speed ST-26. Standard electrical equipment in 12 volts was transferred to a 24-volt format.

New car engine

In 1962, the car was equipped with a newfour-stroke six-cylinder YaMZ-236 engine of increased efficiency. The engine power was 165 hp, it began to be widely used in the production of the MAZ-500 family of various modifications. Cars manufactured in 1962 with a new engine changed their name: the base on-board model became known as the MAZ-200P, the truck tractor was produced under the name MAZ-200M. Another tractor of that time called the MAZ-200R was equipped with a special hydraulic system for tipping the body of the MAZ-5232V semi-trailer dump truck.

The car was modified to meet the needs of the national economy of the USSR, MAZs worked in every economic sector of the country, and if necessary, a new car was created that corresponded to the newly designated tasks. The development of industry demanded more and more new cars.