Carburetor and injector: difference, similarities, advantages and disadvantages of carburetor and injection engines, principle of operation and expert reviews

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42

For more than a hundred years, the car has firmly established itself in our lives. During this time, he managed to become a familiar, everyday means of transportation. Continuously improving, it has become widespread in classes, types and methods of application. But no matter what categories it belongs to, everyone is united by one, but very significant detail - an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine is driven by a carburetor or injection type system. Let's see what is the difference between a carburetor and an injector, what are their advantages and disadvantages.

Working principle

Each unit has its own characteristics. The carburetor and the injector differ from each other primarily by the very principle of delivering the combustible mixture:

• The carburetor mixes air and fuel in the right proportion. Prepares, then feeds the finished emulsion into the combustion chamber. All cylinders are fed from one unit, evenly getting a ready flammable mixture.
• Injector operationradically different. Each cylinder has its own injector, which sprays the flammable liquid into the combustion chamber under pressure. At the moment of spraying, the fuel is saturated with air, forming a flammable emulsion.

Carburetor and injector: differences and similarities

These devices serve one purpose - to supply fuel to the internal combustion engine. The prepared mixture in the carburetor is delivered by atomizer through the main dosing system. In the injection system - by injection through nozzles. All this is considered mixture formation, the main and only similarity that unites these systems. The meaning of mixture formation is that liquid fuel from the tank must be mixed with air to ensure high-quality combustion without detonation, with minimal emissions of harmful substances. To put it simply, these nodes, using different principles, perform the same function - they provide fuel for internal combustion engines.

Since the eighties of the last century, the injector began to displace the carburetor. Engines equipped with an injector turned out to be more economical, fuel oxidation (more complete combustion) made it possible to drastically reduce consumption and harmful emissions into the atmosphere. The use of the new system made it possible to reduce the volume of the engine, while increasing its power. Carburetor and injector have a difference in:

• air supply system;
• fuel delivery technologies.

The injector regulates the composition of the fuel-air emulsion electronically. Various sensors informelectronic system, based on the information received, the device constantly monitors, depending on the engine operating mode, the quantity and composition, enriching or leaning the mixture. Mixing takes place under constant pressure.

In the carburetor, richness and leanness are controlled manually, which does not allow achieving such results. The prepared mixture enters the combustion chamber due to the pressure difference between the intake manifold and the atmosphere. Fuel is supplied continuously in equal proportions.

There is a difference between the cylinder head of the injector and the carburetor. They differ in the diameter of the intake valve, the injector diameter is larger, on the carburetor head it is smaller. Plus, the injection cylinder head has extended intake ports.

Candles

There is also some difference between the spark plugs of the carburetor and injection engines. Candles differ in gap and glow number. For engines with a carburetor system, the clearance should be less, for injection power units, respectively, more. Heat number - a value that characterizes the uncontrolled process of ignition of the emulsion from the hot parts of the candle. According to the thermal characteristics of the candles are divided:

• for cold (number 20 or more), designed for highly forced units;
• for medium (17-19);
• for hot (11-14), used for lightly boosted internal combustion engines;
• to unified (11-20).

The glow number increases with the increase in power and volume of the power plant. Depends on the compression ratio: the higher, the morebe a heat number. It is necessary to select candles based on the requirements of the manufacturer of a particular motor.

Advantages and disadvantages of carbureted engines

The main advantages of carburetor systems are simplicity of design, ease of maintenance, and reliability. Adjustment, repair can be carried out without resorting to the services of professional workshops. Just read the user manual. A properly adjusted carburetor can operate for a long time without additional maintenance. During operation, it does not require accurate diagnostic equipment, a simple set of keys and screwdrivers is sufficient.

Unlike injectors, the carburetor is unpretentious to the quality of gasoline, able to operate on fuel with a high content of impurities. Clogged jets are eliminated by purging and cleaning. A distinctive feature is the throttle response of the engine, good traction at low speeds.

Cons, unfortunately, overlap its advantages. These include:

• increased content of toxic substances in exhaust gases;
• incomplete combustion of a flammable mixture;
• easy starting is directly related to temperature difference;
• increased fuel consumption compared to an injector.

Technology is currently outdated.

Advantages and disadvantages of injection engines

The difference between a carburetor and an injector is in the injection technology used. The system allows for moreeconomy compared to a carburetor. The electronic control unit continuously regulates the fuel supply in various engine operating modes. Due to this, a more complete combustion of the emulsion occurs, which leads to a reduction in the emission of toxic substances in the exhaust gases. Easy engine start in winter.

On the same engine, the injector produces more power, the average increase is 10%. Contribute to the increase in power:

• precise setting of ignition angle;
• variable fuel injection through injectors;
• intake manifold design.

Due to the design features, the disadvantages include:

• high sensitivity to fuel quality;
• complex design requires professional maintenance and repair;
• price of parts.

Expert reviews

At the carburetor and the injector, the difference becomes more obvious every year. Continuously increasing requirements to reduce the emission of harmful elements into the environment are forcing manufacturers to abandon carburetor engines in favor of injection engines. Experts dealing with this topic argue that injection technology has not reached its peak. They will continue to develop.