What type of car is the best. The main types of cars and trucks. Car fuel types

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42

Life in the modern world is unimaginable without various vehicles. They surround us everywhere, almost no industry can do without transport services. Depending on what type of car, the functionality of vehicles and transportation will be different.

Basic vehicle classification

All road vehicles are classified according to their purpose. The first category is cars. They are intended for transportation of people, their small luggage. A distinctive feature of this type is the number of seats for passengers. Basically, there are no more than nine of them (along with the driver). The second group includes trucks. Their function is to move all kinds of goods and materials, as well as equipment. Ten or more passenger seats define vehicles such as buses (or trolleybuses). There is also a category of motor vehicles. Basically, these are two-wheeled or three-wheeled modifications (however, the ATV has four wheels). They are smalldimensions, weight does not exceed 400 kilograms. Trailers, semi-trailers are put in a separate category. These funds are towed by a tractor, mainly intended for the transport of goods (sometimes people). Which type of car is better depends on the tasks assigned to it.

Single-volume vehicles

A characteristic feature of this category is the lack of division of space into compartments. That is, such a car has a connected passenger, cargo and engine department. The engine in this case is practically inside the car. The main advantage of these cars is the most efficient use of interior space. It is worth noting that this type of body is found both in buses and in toy cars (for example, Smart). There are the following modifications. The minivan car type has rather large overall dimensions. A distinctive feature is the third row of seats. A slightly reduced model of a minivan is a compact van. The “smallest” representative of monocabs is a microvan. He does not have a third row of seats, the length does not exceed 4 m. It is worth noting that the latest modification is gaining more and more popularity. This type of car is best suited for the busy roads of big cities.

Two-volume cars

These vehicles are divided into two compartments, which are isolated from each other - cargo and passenger compartments. Modification has both its advantages and significant negative sides. The advantages include a large effectivespace, which makes it possible to transport even large amounts of luggage. However, the comfort of the car is reduced. Unpleasant odors in the cabin, noise from the rear suspension are possible. There is also a risk of cargo getting on passengers during emergencies. The classic representatives of two-volume cars are a hatchback (liftback), station wagon, minivan, and also a phaeton. In the station wagon, the trunk lid is like a separate door, it is located almost vertically. The second row of seats can be folded down to increase luggage space. Some of these types of cars are equipped with a third row of seats. A more compact and convenient modification is a hatchback. The phaeton is characterized by a soft roof, the ability to remove door windows (for example, UAZ-469).

Three-volume vehicle modifications

The most common group of cars has an insulated compartment for luggage, passengers, and the engine. This type of transport is one of the safest and most comfortable, it is worth considering when buying a car. In a frontal collision or a rear impact, either the boot or the engine compartment is primarily affected. Extraneous sounds are not heard in the cabin (suspension knock, engine noise, etc.). In addition, thanks to a separate place for luggage, passengers do not smell foreign odors from the transported cargo, spare parts (for example, wheels). Among the shortcomings, one can note the large size, which somewhat complicates maneuverability. According to the type of body in this category, sedan, coupe, van, pickup,limousine.

Types of car bodies (with photo) of the three-volume class

Two rows of seats for passengers, the presence of four (or two) doors are the distinguishing characteristics of the sedan. This car can comfortably accommodate 5 people.

Coupe is characterized by the presence of a two-door body, one or two rows of seats. Most often, two people can ride in a compartment, since the back seat is symbolic. A convertible is a body type that has a removable (or folding) roof. It is worth considering that the safety of this modification is rather doubtful. Also, convertibles attract with their appearance, but certainly not with practicality.

Long base, the presence of more than two rows of passenger seats - these are the hallmarks of limousines. This car is one of the most comfortable for passengers. Van, pickup - models with a fairly large cargo compartment (closed or open).

Truck classification

Vehicles for transporting different types of cargo differ in size, characteristics, and functions that they perform. Very often on the roads you can find 120 cc trucks. Their carrying capacity is approximately 20 tons. Such machines are used for long-distance transportation. For high loads or luggage in boxes, Yumba semi-trailers are convenient. They have a small threshold. Sometimes this may not be very convenient (for example, when using euro pallets). Onboard vehicles (scows, open areas) are designed to transport the mostvarious cargoes: building materials, pipes, various equipment. There are also such types of trucks: refrigerators (temperature can be up to -25 ° C), vehicles with a carrying capacity of 3, 5, 10, 15 tons. Isothermal vans are used to transport food. For liquid cargo, there is also a special type of trucks - a tank truck. That is, for each type of transported material, there is the most suitable type of truck.

Main types of car engines

The most important structural part of a car is the engine. It is he who ensures and coordinates the work of the entire system. There are different types of car engines. An internal combustion engine runs on a type of fuel such as gasoline. It is controlled by a pedal. The injection engine has nozzles, thanks to which gasoline is injected. If you want to save on fuel costs, then you should choose this option. Carburetor types of car engines are practically not used in modern models. In them, a complex process of mixing fuel with oxygen takes place in a special device. The operation of a piston, or diesel, engine is based on the process of igniting fuel, mixing it with another. As a result, the engine is activated.

Which one to choose

All types of engines have their own nuances in operation. Diesel engines do not allow you to drive too fast, as such a ride can cause piston failure. Moresuch an engine is difficult to start in cold weather; it will be necessary to refuel with high-quality fuel. There are no such problems in gasoline engines. However, there is a problem with spark plugs. Recently, hybrid engines have also appeared: at low speeds, an electric motor works, at higher speeds, it switches to gasoline. In this case, a significant disadvantage of such vehicles is the high cost of repair and maintenance. Therefore, the choice of engine type depends on the needs of the person, the purpose of the vehicle.

What types of wheels are there

The wheel is an obligatory element of the running gear of the vehicle. Thanks to him, movement is made, blows are softened. Depending on the purpose, there are drive wheels that convert torque into draft power, and driven ones. The combined type performs the functions of the previous ones at the same time. The supporting wheels are also driven, with their help the car rolls. There is also a classification according to the design of the wheels. In this category, the following types of car wheels are distinguished: spoked, disc, discless.

In the first form, the connecting element of the hub and rim are spokes. Their use is limited, most often such wheels can be found on sports cars. In diskless wheels, the connecting part is also made along with the hub. Their design is quite simple, the mass is small, the cost is also lower. Most often they are used on trucks. However, the main types of cars have discwheels.

Car tires, their varieties and uses

Quality tires are one of the most important (and expensive) parts of a car. It is they who take part in the braking processes, being responsible for safety. They must meet a number of requirements. Firstly, it is good to provide traction, have a minimum mass, moment of inertia. A high-quality tire has good elastic properties, it is strong, wear-resistant, durable. Depending on the purpose, there are such types of tires for cars: trucks, cars. There is also a classification for sealing: chamber, tubeless tires. Depending on the size, they are also divided into large-sized, medium-sized, small-sized. Also, tires are conventional, wide-profile, low-profile, ultra-low-profile, arched, pneumatic rollers. Of great importance is the pattern on their surface. In this case, the following types of car tires can be distinguished: with a symmetrical, directional, asymmetric pattern. Depending on the conditions in which the car will be operated, there are summer tires, winter and all-weather tires. Tires of the first type provide maximum grip in dry weather. Winter tires are designed for slippery snowy roads. There are also options for all-terrain and all-terrain tires.

Car fuel

The main types of fuel for cars are gasoline, diesel fuel. During the distillation of oil, the processing of solid fuels, gasoline is obtained, the operational properties of which also depend oncomposition, and from detonation resistance. It is characterized by an octane number. The higher this indicator, the greater the resistance against detonation this type of vehicle fuel has. Anti-knock agents may also be added to gasoline. Fuel quality directly affects the smooth operation of the engine. It should be noted that gasoline should not contain water, water-soluble alkalis, acids, and other mechanical impurities. Another type of car fuel - diesel - is a product of oil refining. The composition contains cetane and methylnaphthalene. The ability of diesel fuel to self-ignite characterizes the cetane number. Its optimal performance is from 45 to 50 units. The quality of diesel fuel depends on such indicators as cloud point, pour point, boundary filterability temperature. The sulfur content must be strictly controlled in the composition. The more it is, the higher the degree of corrosive wear of the engine.

Alternative fuel - gas

The main advantage of LPG is its purity. There is no lead in this type of fuel, the sulfur content is minimal, and there are no other impurities. Accordingly, the engine will work much easier and longer, because the amount of soot, deposited carbon is quite small. It is worth noting the fact that such fuel has a low cost (compared to gasoline). Even transport models have been developed that operate exclusively on liquefied gas. These machines are often used indoors in work areas. Also, many types of agricultural machinery operate on such fuel. Not nowis a problem to convert the car for this type of fuel. The cost of such work is low. However, it is very important to keep the possibility of using gasoline. The car is equipped with a gas cylinder, a carburetor, a reducer-evaporator.

Which car is better

When choosing a vehicle, you need to be guided by the tasks that are set for the car. If safety is the main issue, then it is best to opt for three-volume machines. Diesel engines are more economical (in terms of fuel use). It is worth paying attention to cars with gas equipment. The choice of truck depends on what will be transported in it. The device of the car, the types of its body and engine - these characteristics are taken into account in each case.