2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42
The high pressure fuel pump is one of the main elements of the injection system of diesel engines. This device performs two functions - it inflates the required amount of diesel fuel under pressure and regulates the required injection start moment.
Purpose and device of injection pump
This pump is based on a special plunger pair that combines a piston (plunger) with a cylinder (sleeve). This mechanism is made exclusively from high quality steel. There is a small gap between the plunger and the sleeve. This is a precision mating.
It is also worth noting that high-pressure fuel pumps have recently become widespread, which regulate the injection moment with electronic injectors.
Depending on the design, there are several types of fuel pumps:
- Inline.
- Distribution.
- Main lines.
In an in-line injection pump, the device is as follows. It pumps diesel fuel into the cylinder using a separate plunger pair. In its own wayIt is the simplest design. For example, distribution pumps have several plunger pairs in their design. They pressurize and distribute fuel to all cylinders.
As a rule, distribution injection pumps are equipped with a pair of plungers. As a result, they provide a more uniform fuel supply. Unlike in-line pumps, these pumps are distinguished by their light weight and smaller dimensions. Therefore, parts of distribution injection pumps often do not withstand loads and fail. These pumps are most often equipped with passenger cars running on diesel fuel.
Main injection pumps
The device of the main pumps differs significantly from the design of the previous ones. Such injection pumps are used in the Common Rail injection system, where they perform the function of forcing diesel fuel into the rail. Main pumps create the most pressure in the system. Some devices provide injection at a pressure of 190 MPa. The high-pressure fuel pump device "Mercedes Aktros", for example, implies the presence of up to 3 pairs of plungers. They are driven by a special cam or shaft.
These were all varieties of modern injection pumps. The device of each of them, as we have already seen, assumes the presence of at least one plunger pair, the quantity and characteristics of which determine the uniformity of the supply and injection of fuel into the system.
If this pump stops functioning, the fuel supply to the combustion chamber will stop. Therefore, it is very important to monitor the state of this mechanism. AndFinally, we note several signs by which it is possible to determine the malfunction of the injection pump:
- The mechanism device has increased noise during operation.
- Belt slips off pump gear.
- The fuel supply from the injection pump to the injectors is interrupted.
- Difficulty starting engine.
- Increased fuel consumption.
- Thick black smoke coming out of the exhaust pipe. As a rule, this indicates clogged filters, but after replacing them, it is recommended to check the condition of the injection pump.
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