2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42
The VAZ-2108 passenger car went on sale at the end of 1984. The car was the base model for a whole family of front-wheel drive cars under the general name Lada-Sputnik. The design was revolutionary for the automotive industry of the USSR.
General information
Specially for the new family, engines of the VAZ-21081 (1100 cc), 2108 (1300 cc) and 21083 (1500 cc) models were developed. The first years of the car were equipped with engines with an engine capacity of 1100 and 1300 cubic meters. see. The first 54-horsepower version was exported; inside the USSR, such cars were almost never sold. The bulk of cars for the domestic market were equipped with a 64-horsepower engine.
All engines of the family have a high degree of unification. The differences are only in cylinder blocks (three types, have different block diameters and heights), block heads (two types, with different cross-sections of gas channels), pistons (two types, diameters 82 and 76 mm) and crankshafts (two types, knees under different piston stroke).
The development of the most powerful 72-horsepower version of the 21083 engine dragged on for several years. But it was this version that was destined to become a long-liver and to hold out in a modernized form on the conveyor to the present. The 87-horsepower engine with a cylinder capacity of 1.6 liters, widely used on the products of the Volga Automobile Plant, was created on the basis of the engine 21083.
Design features
The engine with the maximum displacement was presented to a wide audience at the presentation of the five-door hatchback VAZ-21093 in 1987. Since the car was positioned as more expensive and prestigious, the most powerful engine 21083 was supposed to become the base one. But for a number of reasons, the development of serial production of the engine was delayed. The first VAZ-21093 cars went on sale in 1988 and were equipped with another novelty for VAZ - a five-speed gearbox.
The overall length of the 21083 engine is as short as possible, which is dictated by the transverse arrangement of the power unit under the hood. One of the main conditions in the development of the motor was fuel efficiency, reduction of emissions of harmful substances and reduction in the weight of the motor. The weight of the engine has been reduced to 95 kg.
Cylinder block
The engine block 21083 is made of cast iron and has a cylinder diameter of 82 mm. At the factory, the part was painted in a characteristic blue color. The design of the block allows boring and honing of cylinder mirrors to repair dimensions. Inside the body of the block, lines are made to supply lubricant to the bearings of the crankshaft and camshaft.
An oil filter and a crankcase exhaust pipe fitting are installed on the cylinder block. The fitting has space for an optional oil level sensor. On the block there are tides for mounting the generator and the front engine mount. Attached to the back of the block is the clutch housing.
For uniform cooling, the coolant channel is made along the entire height of the cylinder. There is no fluid flow between the cylinders. These channels are directly connected to the centrifugal pump mounted on the front of the unit. The upper part of the channels is open and joins with similar channels in the block head.
Piston group and timing
The engine was completed with aluminum pistons with special recesses for valve plates. In the event of a broken valve belt, the pistons did not hit. The crankshaft of motors 2108 and 21083 is identical. The crankshaft bearing shells on the first series of the motor were symmetrical and interchangeable. But since 1988, the lower bearings have not had an oil groove.
The piston was designed with a special steel plate cast into the piston body above the pin hole. This plate made it possible to reduce the thermal deformation of the piston and avoid its wedge. The piston has three rings - two compression and one oil scraper. The top ring has the heaviest duty and is specially shaped and chrome plated. The connecting rods on all Lada-Sputnik engines are the same.
Camshaft installedin the head of the block and is driven from the crankshaft by a belt drive. The head of the engine 21083 has channels for supplying the working mixture increased by 2 mm. The 1.5 liter engine has oversized intake valves and oversized head gaskets.
Lubrication system
The engine is equipped with a mixed lubrication system: some of the units are lubricated by a gear pump (shaft bearings), and some are lubricated by gravity and spray (pistons, cylinder mirrors and other units). The amount of oil in the engine crankcase is 3.5 liters, however, all the oil is not drained and 3-3.2 liters of oil is enough to replace.
Engine oil 21083 must have high lubricity and the ability to maintain its properties for a long time at various temperatures. Initially, mineral oil M6 / 10G or 12G was recommended for the motor.
Currently, owners use a mineral or semi-synthetic oil with a viscosity index of 5W40 or 10W40. When using fully synthetic oil, there is a possibility of leaks. This is especially common in engines with high mileage.
Power system
The engine power system included a fuel tank, a pump, a carburetor and connecting pipes. The capacity of the fuel tank on all Lada-Sputnik vehicles was 43 liters. The carburetor of the 21083 engine was manufactured under license from the French company Solex and was quite reliable in operation. Only a sticky idle valve could cause problems.
The production of motors with such a power system continued until the early 2000s. However, the growing demands for fuel consumption and exhaust cleanliness have led to noticeable changes in the power system. Already in 1994, the first small-scale engines 21083 with an injector appeared. Fuel-injected engines had a reduced power of up to 70 hp. With. During the first years of production, most of these machines were exported.
Early injection systems used Bosch or GE components. Then the domestic fuel injection control system under the designation "January" began to be used.
Conclusion
Currently, a large number of cars with the 21083 engine with various power systems have been preserved. Motors have a sufficiently long resource and high maintainability. Since AvtoVAZ continues to produce 8-valve engines, there are no problems with spare parts.
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