2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42
The car can hardly be called a basic necessity in human life, but it is the most common vehicle. What can't people live without? Without heart. This organ in a car can be called a power unit.
What is this? A car engine is a device that can convert one type of energy into another. It is due to this that the movement of any vehicle is carried out.
As a rule, cars are equipped with an internal combustion engine running on pistons. It is divided into two types: carburetor and injection. The technical characteristics of the engine directly depend on this factor. All units (depending on the type) operate on different types of fuel. This can be called gasoline, compressed natural gas or liquefied hydrocarbon, diesel fuel, better known as diesel fuel.
ZMZ-406
Who can argue with the fact that a large number of transportations are carried out on GAZ vehicles? On the Gazelle, the 406 engine is most often installed. The carburetor power unit is available in two versions. Injector - only in one. What are the advantages of this engine? It consumes quite a bit of fuel with its high power. And also the unit will last quite a long time, but only if it is properly cared for. Among the minuses, the fact that the engine is susceptible to the quality of engine oil is especially acute. If it works on a certain type, then it’s better not to experiment too much. There is a problem with the fan stalling, which leads to overheating. The system that is supposed to regulate the temperature is a bit unstable. And since overheating can lead to an explosion, you should carefully monitor this. This engine model has been produced since 1996 and is known to this day as a durable and reliable unit.
Characteristic
It is worth noting that this unit bypasses the previous 402 series engine in some criteria. The 406 power plant runs on 4 pistons. Its power is 110 "horses". It is difficult to say exactly about the overheating of this engine, because some drivers report a constant rise in temperature, while others say that the cooling system is superfluous - the unit does not heat up.
If you want to convert your 406 engine (carburetor or injection) to gas equipment, then you should note that it "gets along" perfectly with propane and methane.
It is difficult to highlight the moment with fuel consumption - it directly depends on the driving conditions and the time of the year. According to the characteristics declared by the manufacturer, consumption is on average 13.5 liters per 100 km. Engine size - 2, 28liters.
In the external environment, it should be noted the compact arrangement of all elements. A feature will be the location of the spark plug - in the center. The maximum rotational power of the crankshaft is 5200 rpm.
History of the creation of ZMZ-406
This engine model was developed on the basis of the Saab 900 sports unit. The end of the creation of the project on paper - 1990. And three years later, the first prototypes of this engine appeared. The production of a medium-sized series was launched in 1996, but it began to roll off the main assembly line in 1997. End of production - 2003
At first, the 406 engine (carbureted) was installed on small boats that were used by government agencies. A little later, employees of the Gorky Plant became interested in him, and over time, Volga and Gazelle acquired it. After some time, he began to be included in the basic set of "Sable". The manufacturers of ZMZ and GAZ allowed the installation of "non-native" engines on many car models at their own request, so the 406 unit can also be seen on some Volga vehicles that did not include this unit.
Design and features
The 406 engine (carbureted) runs on gasoline. It has 16 valves and 4 pistons. The injection is regulated by the built-in electronic system.
During the creation of this power unit, the manufacturer decided to highlight it and add features. This can be considered the location of the shafts at the topcylinder block. The spark plugs are in the center. Due to the use of a new injection system and combustion chamber, the compression was increased to 9.3. The carburetor-type power supply system was also replaced.
Due to some manipulations, fuel consumption was reduced. However, there were rumors that the power of one model of the Volga car (the 406 engine was also installed on it) was overestimated on purpose and artificially.
The difference between an injector and a carburetor
For a long time, only carburetor-type models were produced. Over time, injectors appeared. Thanks to this, it was possible to achieve some characteristics, for example, to reduce the amount of fuel consumed. If you follow the theory of internal combustion engines, then the Gazelle 406 carburetor engine starts to work more powerfully with a corresponding increase in the level of rotation of the crankshaft. How can this be achieved? The mechanism is made in such a way that when the pedal is pressed sharply, the amount of gasoline vapor increases. This, in turn, increases the speed of the crankshaft.
The 406 injection engine (GAS often used it) works with the help of a microprocessor. Thanks to him, even with a slight pressure on the pedal, the driving dynamics of the car will be improved.
Engine Tuning
In order to slightly change the output of the engine, you can carry out tuning work that will help improve performance. Some people don't like little power, others the amount of fuel consumed, and sometimesthe driver wants to stand out from the crowd by optimizing a specific performance.
The first thing that can be done at the service station is to improve the 406 engine (carbureted) in terms of power. As a rule, in this case, either the technical characteristics of the unit are increased by increasing the pistons, or a turbocharger (or separate turbines) is installed. The second method will be more reliable, but the first will take much less effort, money and time.
In order to improve the overall dynamics, it will be enough to polish the input and output channels.
Driver Mistakes
Because of the eternal desire to improve their unit, many try too hard and in the end just kill the engine. What mistakes should not be made when working with the power apparatus of the 406 series? The engine, the price of which varies within 100 thousand rubles, is better not to optimize once again.
Don't listen to the advice of inexperienced drivers who suggest reducing flywheel weight. This will only lead to unnecessary problems, and not to an increase in power. Air swirlers are redundant. You do not need to listen to specialists who offer to install them. If they are used, then the power will be proportionally reduced. Vehicle speed does not increase when intake air is heated. The reliability of the engine will drop if you add droplets of water to the intake tract. Designers, on the contrary, try to separate the liquid from the fuel as much as possible, because, getting into it, it contributes to the onset of corrosion. Some recommend installing an electric tensioner to change the technicalengine characteristics. However, it not only costs a lot of money, but also completely kills the power unit. And this is not all (but the most common) mistakes made by drivers.
Use in cars
Now this engine can be installed on any model of Gazelle and Volga. Moreover, it officially stands on some cars and trucks. However, due to the fact that many tend to use it on other models, there may be small problems. As a rule, this leads to a quick breakdown of the pump, or the nozzles simply stop working, the engine starts to triple or oil leaks. There may be performance issues. In this case, you need to contact the service station. If the problem is even more serious, then to the specialized centers of the plant. They are scattered throughout Russia and some CIS countries. The 406 engine (GAZ also helps to fix problems, and no worse than ZMZ) is so popular that a quality repair will not cause big problems. These manipulations will not take much time, and most importantly, they will not require global financial costs.
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