Gasoline engine power system device

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42

The internal combustion engine is the primary source of torque and all subsequent processes of mechanical and electronic type in the vehicle. Its functioning is provided by a whole range of devices. This is a gasoline engine power system.

How it works, what are the breakdowns, should be considered by every owner of vehicles with a gasoline engine. This will help to properly operate and maintain the system.

General characteristics

The device of the gasoline engine power system allows you to ensure the normal functioning of the vehicle. For this, a mixture of fuel and air is prepared inside the fuel unit. The fuel system of a gasoline engine also stores and supplies components for fuel preparation. The mixture is distributed throughout the engine cylinders.

In this case, the internal combustion engine power supply system operates in different modes. The engine should start and warm up first. Then there is an idle period. On themotor is under partial load. There are also transition modes. The engine must function properly under full load, which can occur in adverse conditions.

In order for the motor to work as correctly as possible, two basic conditions must be met. The fuel must burn quickly and completely. This produces exhaust gases. Their toxicity should not exceed the established norms.

To ensure normal conditions for the functioning of components and mechanisms, the fuel supply system of a gasoline engine must perform a number of functions. It provides not only the supply of fuel, but also stores and cleans it. Also, the power system cleans the air that is supplied to the fuel mixture. Another function is to mix the fuel components in the correct proportion. After that, the fuel mixture is transferred to the engine cylinders.

Regardless of the type of gasoline ICE, the power system includes a number of structural elements. It includes a fuel tank that provides storage for a certain amount of gasoline. The system also includes a pump. It provides fuel supply, its movement along the fuel line. The latter consists of metal pipes, as well as special rubber hoses. They carry fuel from the tank to the engine. Excess fuel is also returned through the tubes.

The gasoline supply system necessarily incorporates filters. They purify fuel and air. Another essential element is the deviceswho prepare the fuel mixture.

Petrol

The purpose of the gasoline engine power system is to supply, purify and store gasoline. This is a special type of fuel that has a certain level of volatility and knock resistance. The operation of the engine largely depends on its quality.

The volatility index indicates the ability of gasoline to change its state of aggregation from liquid to vapor. This indicator largely affects the features of the formation of the fuel mixture and its combustion. During the operation of the internal combustion engine, only the gaseous part of the fuel is involved. If gasoline is in liquid form, it adversely affects the operation of the engine.

Liquid fuel flows down the cylinders. At the same time, oil is washed off their walls. This situation entails rapid wear of metal surfaces. Also, liquid gasoline prevents proper combustion of fuel. Slow combustion of the mixture leads to a pressure drop. In this case, the motor will not be able to develop the required power. The toxicity of exhaust gases is increasing.

Also, another adverse event in the presence of liquid gasoline in the engine is the appearance of soot. This leads to the rapid destruction of the motor. To maintain the volatility in the norm, you need to purchase fuel in accordance with weather conditions. There is summer and winter gasoline.

Considering the purpose of the gasoline engine power system, one more characteristic of the fuel should be considered. This is knock resistance. Thisthe indicator is estimated using the octane number. To determine knock resistance, new gasoline is compared to reference fuels whose octane rating is known in advance.

Gasoline contains heptane and isooctane. Their characteristics are opposite. Isooctane has no ability to detonate. Therefore, its octane number is 100 units. Heptane, on the contrary, is a strong detonator. Its octane number is 0 units. If the test mixture is 92% isooctane and 8% heptane, the octane number is 92.

Method of preparing the fuel mixture

The operation of the gasoline engine power system, depending on the features of its design, can vary significantly. However, regardless of how it is arranged, a number of requirements are put forward for nodes and mechanisms.

The fuel supply system must be sealed. Otherwise, failures appear in its various parts. This will lead to improper operation of the motor, its rapid destruction. Also, the system must produce an accurate dosage of fuel. It must be reliable, provide normal conditions for the operation of the engine in any conditions.

Another important requirement that is put forward today to the fuel mixture preparation system is ease of maintenance. For this, the design has a certain configuration. This allows the owner of the vehicle to independently carry out maintenance if necessary.

TodayThe fuel system of a gasoline engine differs in the way the fuel mixture is prepared. It can be of two types. In the first case, when preparing the mixture, a carburetor is used. It mixes a certain amount of air with gasoline. The second way to prepare fuel is forced injection of gasoline into the intake manifold. This process takes place through injectors. These are special injectors. This type of engine is called injection.

Both of the presented systems provide the correct proportion of gasoline and air. Fuel at the correct dosage burns out completely and very quickly. This indicator is largely influenced by the amount of both ingredients. The ratio in which there is 1 kg of gasoline and 14.8 kg of air is considered normal. If deviations occur, we can talk about a poor or rich mixture. In this case, the conditions for the correct operation of the motor deteriorate. It is important that the system ensures the normal quality of the fuel supplied to the internal combustion engine.

The procedure takes place in 4 cycles. There are also two-stroke gasoline engines, but they are not used for automotive vehicles.

Carburetor

The power supply system of a gasoline carburetor engine is based on the action of a complex unit. It mixes gasoline and air in a certain proportion. This is a carburetor. Most often it has a float configuration. The design includes a chamber with a float. Also in the system there is a diffuser and atomizer. Fuel is prepared in the mixing chamber. The design also has a throttle and air damper, channels for supplyingjet mix ingredients.

Ingredients in the carburetor are mixed passively. When the piston moves, a reduced pressure is created in the cylinder. Air rushes into this rarefied space. It first passes through the filter. Fuel is formed in the mixing chamber of the carburetor. Gasoline that escapes from the distributor is crushed in the diffuser by an air stream. Further, these two substances are mixed.

The carburetor type of design includes various metering devices that are sequentially switched on during operation. Sometimes several of these elements work at the same time. The correct operation of the unit depends on them.

Further through the intake manifold and valves, the fuel mixture enters the engine cylinder. At the right moment, this substance is ignited by the spark of spark plugs.

The power supply system of a carburetor-type gasoline engine is also called mechanical. Today, it is practically not used to create engines for modern cars. It cannot meet existing energy and environmental requirements.

Injector

The injection engine is a modern ICE design. It significantly exceeds in all respects the carburetor power systems of a gasoline engine. The injector is a device that injects fuel into the engine. This design allows for high engine power. At the same time, the toxicity of exhaust gases is significantlydeclining.

Injection engines are stable. When accelerating, the car demonstrates improved dynamics. At the same time, the amount of gasoline that a vehicle needs to move will be significantly lower than that of a carbureted power system.

Fuel in the presence of an injection system burns more efficiently and fully. At the same time, the process control system is fully automated. You do not need to manually configure the unit. The injector and carburetor differ significantly in design and operation.

The fuel injection system of a gasoline engine incorporates special injectors. They inject gasoline under pressure. Then it mixes with air. Such a system allows you to save fuel consumption, increase engine power. It increases to 15% when compared with carburetor types of internal combustion engines.

The injection motor pump is not mechanical, as it was in carburetor designs, but electric. It provides the required pressure during gasoline injection. In this case, the system supplies fuel to the desired cylinder at a certain time. The whole process is controlled by the on-board computer. Using sensors, it evaluates the amount and temperature of air, engine and other indicators. After analyzing the collected information, the computer makes a decision on fuel injection.

Features of the injection system

The fuel injection system of a gasoline engine can have a different configuration. ATdepending on the design features, there are devices of the presented class of several types.

The first group includes engines with single-point fuel injection. This is the earliest development in the field of injection engines. It includes only one nozzle. It is located in the intake manifold. This injection nozzle distributes gasoline to all engine cylinders. This design has a number of disadvantages. Now it is practically not used in the manufacture of gasoline engines of vehicles.

A more modern variety has become a distributive type of injection design. For example, such a configuration of the power system for the gasoline engine "Hyundai X 35".

This design has a manifold and several individual nozzles. They are mounted above the intake valve for each cylinder separately. This is one of the most modern types of fuel injection system. Each injector delivers fuel to a separate cylinder. From here, the fuel enters the combustion chamber.

Distribution injection system can be of several types. The first group includes devices for simultaneous fuel injection. In this case, all injectors simultaneously inject fuel into the combustion chamber. The second group includes pairwise-parallel systems. Their nozzles open in two. They are set in motion at a certain moment. The first injector opens before the injection stroke, and the second before the exhaust. The third group includes phased distribution injection systems. The injectors open before the injection stroke. They inject pressurized fuel directly into the cylinder.

Injector device

The power supply system of a fuel-injected gasoline engine has a specific device. To maintain such a motor yourself, you need to understand the principle of its operation and design.

The injection system incorporates several mandatory elements (the diagram is presented below).

It includes an electronic control unit (on-board computer) (2), electric pump (3), injectors (7). There is also a fuel rail (6) and a pressure regulator (8). The system is necessarily monitored by temperature sensors (5). All of these components interact with each other according to a certain scheme. Also in the system there is a gas tank (1) and a gasoline filter (4).

To understand the principle of operation of the presented power system, you need to consider the interaction of the presented elements using an example. New vehicles are often equipped with a multipoint injection system. When the engine starts, fuel flows to the fuel pump. It is in the fuel tank in the fuel. Further, fuel under a certain pressure enters the line.

Nozzles are installed in the ramp. It supplies gasoline. There is a sensor in the rail that regulates the fuel pressure. It determines the air pressure in the injectors and at the intake. The sensors of the system transmit information to the on-board computer about the state of the system. Hesynchronizes the process of supplying the components of the mixture, adjusting their quantity for each cylinder.

Knowing how the injection process works, you can carry out maintenance of the gasoline engine power system yourself.

Maintenance of the carburetor system

Maintenance and repair of gasoline engine power system devices can be done by hand. To do this, you need to perform a number of manipulations. They come down to checking the fastenings of the fuel lines, the tightness of all components. The condition of the exhaust system, throttle actuators, carburetor air damper is also assessed. In addition, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the crankshaft limiter.

If necessary, clean pipelines, replace seals. A feature of carburetor maintenance is the need to tune it in spring and autumn.

In some cases, the cause of the deterioration of the carburetor engine may be malfunctions in other components. Other mechanical components should be checked before starting fuel system maintenance.

Faults in the fuel system of a carburetor-type gasoline engine can be checked with the engine running and off.

If the engine is off, you can assess the amount of gasoline in the tank, as well as the condition of the sealing gum under the filler cap. The fastening of the gas tank, fuel line and all its elements is also evaluated. Other elements of the system should also be checked for fastener strength.

Then you need to runmotor. Check for leaks at the joints. The condition of the fine filters and the sump should also be assessed. The carburetor must be properly adjusted. In accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer, the ratio of air and gasoline is selected.

Frequent injector failures

Repair of the injection type gasoline engine power system is somewhat different. There is a list of common malfunctions of such systems. Knowing them, it will be easier to establish the cause of the incorrect operation of the motor. Over time, sensors that monitor various indicators of the state of the system fail. Periodically, they need to be checked for performance. Otherwise, the on-board computer will not be able to select an adequate dosage and the optimal fuel injection mode.

Also, over time, filters or even the injector nozzles become dirty in the system. This is possible when using gasoline of insufficient quality. The filter needs to be changed periodically. You also need to pay attention to the mesh cleaner of the fuel pump. In some cases, it can be cleaned. Once every few years you need to wash the gas tank. At this point, it is also desirable to change all system filters.

If, over time, the injector nozzles become clogged, the motor will begin to lose power. Gasoline consumption will also increase. If this malfunction is not eliminated in time, the system will overheat, the valves will burn out. In some cases, the nozzles may not close tightly enough. This is fraught with an excess of fuel in the combustion chamber. Gasoline will mix with oil. To preventadverse effects, nozzles need to be cleaned periodically.

Injector-type gasoline engine power system may require injector flushing. This procedure can be done in two ways. In the first case, the injection nozzles are not dismantled from the car. A special liquid is passed through them. The fuel line must be disconnected from the ramp. With the help of a special compressor, the flushing liquid enters the nozzles. This allows you to effectively clean them from contaminants. The second cleaning option involves removing the nozzles. Then they are processed in a special ultrasonic bath or on a washing stand.

Expert Tips

Experts recommend taking into account that the power supply system of a gasoline engine in operating conditions on Russian roads is subjected to increased loads. Therefore, maintenance must be carried out frequently. Fuel filters need to be changed every 12-15 thousand km of run, injectors should be cleaned every 30 thousand km.

It is important to pay attention to the quality of fuel. The higher it is, the more durable the engine and the entire system will be. Therefore, it is important to purchase gasoline at proven points of sale.

Having considered the features and design of the gasoline engine power system, you can understand the principle of its operation. If necessary, maintenance and repair can be done by yourself.