VAZ-2110 sensors: brief description, location, functions

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42

VAZ-2110, without a doubt, has become a revolutionary car, at least for the domestic auto industry. Modern body design, comfortable interior, many useful features, but the main thing is the engine. It was on the "top ten" that Togliatti designers first installed an injection motor, in which most of the parameters are controlled by an on-board computer. The correct operation of the engine is largely determined by the VAZ-2110 sensors, the purpose and design of which will have to be figured out.

What are sensors for

The power unit with forced fuel injection has undeniable advantages over the carburetor. First of all, these are:

1. Economy.
2. High power.
3. Good dynamics.

This can only be achieved by precise calculation of the engine operating modes in accordance with the driving parameters. This requires a large amount of data, which is provided by various sensors. Based on them, the electronic control unit (ECU) calculates the optimal ignition timing andcomposition of the working mixture.

Each sensor has its purpose and design. They are installed in various places, in accordance with the controlled node. Despite the fact that "dozens" were also produced with two camshafts, this article will consider VAZ-2110 sensors with 8 valves.

Crankshaft position sensor

Put in first place for a reason. The fact is that it is one of the main sensors of the VAZ-2110. If the DPKV is damaged, the operation of the engine is impossible, it simply will not start. The location - the oil pump cover - was not chosen by chance. The fact is that in this case the sensor is located in close proximity to the so-called master gear, combined with the camshaft pulley.

Structurally, the DPKV is made in a case made of polymeric materials and filled with a compound mixture for greater tightness. Inside is an inductor. The gear teeth passing next to the sensor, at a distance of no more than 1 mm, form a magnetic field in it. At the output of the controller, a sequence of pulses appears, which enters the computer. The drive gear is missing two teeth, this is the starting point for the computer and also the start of ignition in the first cylinder.

Mass Air Flow Sensor

One of the most capricious and delicate sensors of the VAZ-2110 injector. However, it is also quite expensive. The sensor measures the amount of air that has passed through the vehicle's filter and sends the data to the ECU, whichtheir basis forms the optimal composition of the working mixture.

The main element of the VAZ-2110 air flow sensor is a platinum thread. It is used as a spiral, that is, it is heated to a certain temperature and cooled by air flow. The more it passes through the filter, the less the thread will heat up. The flow meter is a high-speed device, it transmits data to the computer every 0.1 s.

Faulty MAF causes engine malfunctions in all modes. In this case, the characteristic symptoms will be:

• erratic idling;
• lack of engine power;
• bad dynamics;
• increased fuel consumption.

However, such malfunctions are also typical for damage to many other nodes, including VAZ-2110 sensors. The principle of operation and purpose of the DMRV determine its location in the car. It is installed just behind the air filter.

Knock sensor

Designed to prevent explosive ignition in cylinders. Only on the verge of detonation can you get the maximum power and dynamic performance of the engine. On the other hand, it is very harmful to the engine and significantly reduces its service life. To instantly prevent this phenomenon, the corresponding sensor serves.

The knock sensor is a selective microphone. This means that it is tuned to a certain frequency, in this case 25-70 Hz. It is in this range that detonation manifests itself. She sounds likemetallic ringing, it is determined by the controller. The result is transmitted to the ECU, which adjusts the ignition timing accordingly.

The knock sensor is located between the second and third cylinders, on the front wall of the block. The location was not chosen by chance. It is in these cylinders that explosive ignition occurs first due to higher temperatures.

Idle speed controller

One of the main VAZ-2110 sensors. He is responsible for the stable operation of the engine at idle. The importance of this is clear to any motorist who constantly has to move in dense city traffic. Endless traffic jams, numerous interchanges and traffic lights, it is impossible to drive here without idlers.

Another task of the idle speed controller (IAC) is to warm up the engine at low temperatures. It is thanks to him that after starting, increased crankshaft speed is maintained, which then gradually decreases.

Externally, DXX is very similar to a small electric motor. This is true, although the motor is not ordinary, but stepper. This means that the algorithm of its operation is completely dependent on the control device. So, the XX sensor is a stepper motor, the shaft of which is connected to the rod by a worm gear. The motor has two windings. When voltage is applied to one of them, the sensor takes a step forward, i.e. the rotor turns at a certain angle, the stem extends slightly from the housing.

When voltage is applied to the other winding, reverseprocess. Thus, the rod, in accordance with the commands of the controller, can change its length from minimum to maximum. At the very end, it has a cone-shaped sharpening. Moving forward, the stem reduces the amount of air passing around the throttle closed at idle. For this, it has a recess under the cone. It is also installed on the VAZ-2110 and the idle speed sensor.

Throttle controller

Designed for dispensing fuel in cylinders. When you press the gas pedal on the injection engine, only the air damper opens mechanically. The amount of gasoline to create a working mixture changes on command from the ECU. This is what the throttle position sensor (TPS) is designed for.

The controller is a variable resistance, essentially the same as the volume control on a car radio. Only the voltage supplied to the control unit changes here. Roughly speaking, TPS converts the force of pressing the gas pedal into a certain electrical signal. It enters the ECU, in which the voltage/fuel quantity dependence is rigidly, with great accuracy, "flashed".

The amplitude of the signal changes from 0.7 to 4 V (when the damper is fully opened). The incoming gasoline also changes linearly. TPS is installed directly on the throttle assembly.

Oil pressure sensor

"Ten" has only an alarm about problems in the lubrication system. pressure dropsignaled by turning on the corresponding lamp. The VAZ-2110 oil sensor is arranged quite simply. At its end there is a movable membrane, which is connected to normally closed electrical contacts. The sensor is screwed directly into the vehicle's lubrication system. If the pressure is normal, then the oil acts on the membrane, it, bending, opens the contacts. The control lamp does not light up. In the event of an accident, the membrane returns to its original position, including the corresponding indication.

Despite its simplicity, the pressure indicator often fails. In this case, the control lamp is constantly on, although the pressure in the system is normal. The only way to verify that the sensor is faulty is to replace it with a known good one. Naturally, it is not worth continuing without full confidence.

Less often, there are cases when the indicator does not light up when the ignition is turned on. That is, the alarm will not turn on in the event of a real accident. This symptom also indicates a malfunction of the oil sensor. In any case, it must be replaced with a new one, since it cannot be repaired. The indicator is screwed into the cylinder head, next to the timing belt cover.

Temperature display

Serves to control the cooling system. Temperature sensors VAZ-2110 are a conventional thermistor. It linearly changes its resistance depending on the heating of the coolant. In full accordance with Ohm's law, the voltage drop across it also varies, which is fixed by the ECU, which gives the temperature value to the switchappliance.

In addition, these sensors on the VAZ-2110 injector act as a fan switch. The cooler starts on command from the control unit, when the appropriate temperature is reached. Thus eliminated the main drawback of the mechanical sensor - low reliability.

All malfunctions are most often associated with a lack of contact and breaks in the electrical wiring. Basically, it frays against various moving parts. However, rarely, but damage occurs, characterized by inaccurate readings. The danger here lies in the untimely turning on of the fan. It can work at normal temperature or not turn on when overheated. The latter, of course, is much more dangerous in terms of engine life. In any case, the sensor cannot be repaired and must be replaced.

The sensor is installed in the pipe of the cooling system. To remove it, you need to dismantle the air filter and at least partially drain the coolant.

Fan controller

Serves to force cooling on. The VAZ-2110 fan sensor was installed only on the first ten models equipped with a carburetor engine. Structurally, it is a sealed brass cylinder, inside of which there are bimetal contacts. When heated, they bend and close the electrical circuit, the fan turns on. True, its high current consumption (about 15 amperes) does not allow it to be powered directly, through bimetallic contacts. There is a special relay in the circuit for this.

The main drawback of the controller is its low reliability. The sensor often stops working, which can lead to engine overheating. Its location at the bottom of the radiator makes replacement quite laborious. A complete drain of the coolant will be required.

Gasoline gauge

The VAZ-2110 fuel sensor, like any other car, is a nichrome wire rheostat. Its movable contact is mechanically connected to a float, which is located in the tank on the surface of gasoline. The fuel level changes, along with it the resistance of the rheostat, which is fixed by the device on the panel.

In addition, there is an indication of the reserve balance of gasoline. It works thanks to the same float. In a certain position, it closes the contacts, which causes the control lamp to turn on. The fuel gauge cannot be called an accurate and reliable device. However, these are the disadvantages of all mechanical sensors. The main malfunctions are associated with damage to the nichrome wire, which is simply wiped from the constant movement of the "runner".

The sensor is naturally installed in the tank, and its replacement is not difficult. True, you will have to remove the fuel pump and partially drain the fuel if the car is filled to capacity.

Speed sensor

Installed only on "dozens" with an injection engine. During the release of the VAZ-2110, it was equipped with various types of sensors. On the first models, they were withmechanical drive, after 2006 - electronic.

Sensor failure symptoms:

1. Speedometer and odometer not working.
2. Their readings clearly do not correspond to the true speed.
3. The speedometer needle periodically drops to zero.

All malfunctions, as a rule, are associated with a not very good location of the sensor. It is installed in close proximity to the exhaust manifold, which leads to damage to the insulation of the wires and their shorting to each other or to ground.