KrAZ-219: history, specifications, features

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42

Kremenchug Automobile Plant is a Ukrainian manufacturer of trucks and components for them, established in 1958. Further in the article, we will consider one of its first models - KrAZ-219: specifications, history, features.

History

The car was developed at the Yaroslavl Automobile Plant to replace the YaAZ-210, where from 1957 to 1959 it was produced under the name YaAZ-219. On the same chassis, they created a truck tractor under the index 221 and a dump truck - 222. Then the production was transferred to Kremenchug, as a result of which the car changed its brand, but retained the index. Moreover, they were the first to master the production of a dump truck. In 1963, the KrAZ-219 was replaced by its modernized version 219B, which was produced until 1965. Then it was replaced by the KrAZ-257.

Features

This vehicle is a heavy Soviet road truck.

It has a three-axle frame structure. The wheelbase is 5.05 + 1.4 m, the front track is 1.95 m, the rear track is 1.92 m. Versions 221 and 222 had a base shortened to 4.08 + 1.4 m compared to KrAZ-219. Photos posted in the article,demonstrate the difference between them.

The car is equipped with two 225 l fuel tanks.

During the 1963 upgrade, the frame was improved and the 12-volt electrical system was replaced with a 24-volt one.

Cab and body

The cabin of the car is wooden with metal lining. Accommodates a driver and two passengers.

KrAZ-219 has an onboard wooden platform with folding side and rear sides. Its dimensions are 5.77 m long, 2.45 m wide, 0.825 m high. Loading height is 1.52 m.

The overall dimensions of the vehicle are 9.66m long, 2.65m wide, 2.62m high. The curb weight is 11.3 tons, the gross weight is 23.51 tons. In the curb condition, the front axle has a load of 4.3 tons, the rear axle is 4 tons, and fully loaded - 4.67 tons and 18.86 tons, respectively.

Engine

KrAZ-219 was equipped with a single YaAZ-206A power unit. This is a two-stroke six-cylinder in-line diesel engine with a volume of 6.97 liters. Its power is 165 hp. With. at 2000 rpm, torque - 691 Nm at 1200-1400 rpm

The updated modification received the same upgraded YaAZ-206D engine. Productivity has increased to 180 liters. With. and 706 Nm.

There were also alternative energy sources. Let's look at what KrAZ-219 could ride.

There was an experimental diesel trolley car called DTU-10. Created in UkrNIIproektin 1961, the car received two additional 172 kW traction electric motors. To supply them with energy, the car was connected to the overhead contact network with current collector rods, like a trolley bus. Its carrying capacity was 10 tons.

It is noteworthy that one of the innovations in the field of cargo transportation is the electric road for trucks created in Sweden in 2016. A similar transport scheme was tested by Ukrainian designers more than 55 years ago: DT-10 until the end of the 60s. worked on the world's longest trolleybus route 84 km long Simferopol - Y alta. However, later the car was converted into an ordinary truck, because due to its low speed it interfered with passenger transport on the highway, and the idea was not further developed for mass use.

In addition, it should be noted that rapeseed oil is currently used as a raw material for the production of biodiesel. In addition, there are descriptions of the use of home-made fuel based on it with the addition of methanol and even just used vegetable oil on diesel engines of MTZ and KhTZ tractors. Therefore, at least theoretically, it was possible to operate the KrAZ-219 on rapeseed oil.

Transmission

The car is equipped with a manual 5-speed gearbox. Dry single disc clutch with spring servo.

Drive - two rear axles. Transfer case - two-stage.

Chassis

Front suspension on twosemi-elliptical longitudinal leaf springs with double-acting hydraulic shock absorbers, the rear one is of a balancing type also on two semi-elliptical longitudinal leaf springs.

The ground clearance is 290mm under both axles.

The steering mechanism has a "worm" and "sector" design. Equipped with pneumatic booster.

Pneumatically operated shoe brakes. In addition, there is a manual brake with a mechanical drive, also a shoe brake, for the transmission.

Tires - pneumatic, tube, size 12.00-20 (320-508).

From 1960 to 1962, combined propellers were developed, including two pairs of small guide wheels for rail travel.

Performance

The carrying capacity of the car is 11.3 tons, the turning radius along the track of the front outer wheel is 12.5 m. The maximum speed is 55 km/h. Fuel consumption at 35-40 km/h is 55 liters per 100 km.

Application

KrAZ-219 was mainly used for transportation of large and indivisible cargoes. In addition, it became one of the main heavy vehicles of the army. For example, R-5 ballistic missiles were transported on such vehicles and mounted using specimens equipped with a crane, pipes were transported, etc. KrAZ-221 was widely used for towing TZ-16 and TK-22 airfield tankers.

Modifications

Various equipment was installed on the KrAZ-219 chassis. For example, the above-mentioned transportation at launch sites of heavy rocket equipmentcarried out with cranes. Since 1959, it was a diesel-electric 10-ton K-104 of the Odessa plant named after the January Uprising. Soon it was replaced by the 16-ton K-162M of the Kamyshin Crane Plant. There was also a civilian modification of K-162, as well as a version for cold conditions K-162S.

In addition, an R-12U ballistic missile installer was used in the mine on a semi-trailer, which was towing a KrAZ-221.

The TZ-16 (TZ-16-221 or TZ-16000) mentioned above was produced by the Zhdanovsky heavy engineering plant. It includes a steel frame elliptical tank divided into two compartments for 7500 and 8500 liters, an autonomous engine GAZ M-20, a gearbox, two centrifugal pumps STsL-20-24, a set of process equipment (pipelines, meters, filters, fittings, control and gauges, sleeves, etc.), rear control cabin. All this was mounted on a two-axle 19.5-ton semi-trailer MAZ-5204. The total length of the road train is 15 m, weight - 33.4 tons.

ТЗ-22 manufactured by the Chelyabinsk Machine-Building Plant (later Zhdanov Heavy Machine-Building Enterprise) has a similar design, but a larger capacity of 6,000 liters. In addition, it was installed on a two-axle 19.5-ton semi-trailer ChMZAP-5204M.

Initially, the TZ-16 was towed by the predecessor of the KrAZ-221 - YaAZ-210D. Subsequently, both tankers were transferred to KrAZ-258.

A unit for airfields was created on the basis of this vehicle: a vacuum cleaner for removing dust fromrunways.

In the early 60s. began to install an automobile oxygen-producing station on the KrAZ-219P chassis. AKDS is housed in a sealed unified frame-metal body manufactured by PO Box 4111 (hereinafter MZSA).

Finally, on the KrAZ-219 chassis, the first unit in the USSR for the development and workover of wells A-40, created on the basis of the German SALZCITTER hoist, was mounted. Such a machine appeared in 1959