Universal tractor T-100: modifications, specifications and reviews

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42

Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant over its long history has produced a lot of equipment that has become a landmark for the industry of the Soviet Union. A striking example is the famous "weaving" - the universal tractor T-100.

Creating a model

The industrial Soviet tractor, like many other types of equipment at that time, named after I. V. Stalin S-100, underwent major changes in the early 60s of the XX century. First came the modification of the T-108. It was released for only three years. In 1964, the plant began to produce "hundreds". And four years later, the T-100 tractor won a gold medal at the international exhibition.

Heavy tracked vehicle was designed for industry and construction work. It was designed as a bulldozer with a cable-operated blade. Later, it was decided to upgrade to use a variety of attachments. Unlike its predecessor, which had only two modifications, fourteen types of special equipment were produced on the basis of the tracked T-100.

"Sotka", as an industrial tractor, belonged to the traction class 10. By the way, modernthe wheeled T-25 (100% universal tractor, as it is proudly called) belongs to the traction class 0, 6. This category is determined by the maximum effort that, under certain strictly established conditions, a wheeled or tracked vehicle can develop.

Specifications

Judging by user reviews, the technical characteristics of the T-100 tractor are better than those of the S-100. And all thanks to the use of a different engine. That is why it has found wider application in the national economy. The constructive weight of the tractor is 11.1 tons. The diesel engine with a cylinder displacement of 15.5 liters reached a maximum power of 108 liters. With. at a crankshaft speed of 1070 rpm. At low speeds, a multi-ton vehicle consumed almost 20 liters of diesel fuel per hour. But the tank held it about 240 liters.

"Sotka" developed a nominal force (6 tf) in second gear at speeds up to 4 km/h. This corresponds to the sixth traction class of agricultural machinery. To a higher, tenth category in terms of maximum tractive effort (9.5 tf) in first gear and a speed of less than 2.5 km / h, the T-100 tractor belonged to the industrial classification. And that is not all. Traction force decreased with increasing speed. Consumers claim that in fifth gear it was maximum - more than 10 km / h. Not a bad indicator! But the pulling force was 2 tf.

Tractor power plant

The power plant that was used on the S-100 tractor was seriouslymodernized specifically for the "weave". And I got the number D-108. The four-cylinder four-stroke engine had a mass of more than 2 tons. The layout of the engine has not changed, but the chamber in which mixture formation and fuel combustion takes place is made in the piston crown. He also had two oil scraper and three compression rings. Bronze bushings were pressed into the cylinder heads for installing the injectors. Instead of one spray hole, they began to make five. In addition, a centrifuge was installed in the oil filter.

The T-100 tractor was the first industrial machine to use a starting engine. With the help of the P-23 installation with an electric starter, the main diesel engine was started in winter. Judging by the reviews of people who have driven this machine at least once in their lives, another useful mechanism was used in the tractor. This is a vacuum device that was powered by the energy of exhaust gases. It made it possible to refuel tanks located below the level of the fuel tank.

Tractor transmission

Unlike the engine, it has not undergone major changes. User feedback indicated that the clutch, which is a separate unit, is easy to dismantle. Dry single-plate clutch was controlled from the cab with a special lever, thanks to the lever-cam control mechanism. The mechanical three-way, reversible gearbox had five forward gears and four reverse gears. Bevel central - with a driven gear on the flange and with a leading unit that wasmade on the lower shaft of the box as a whole.

The swivel clutches were dry, multi-plate. In them, the driven disks are made with friction linings. They could be controlled by servo arms. T-100 is a tractor, the characteristics of which made it possible to change the speed from 2.3 to 10.1 km/h in five gears while moving forward, and from 2.8 to 7.6 km/h in four reverse gears.

Chassis

The opinions of consumers agreed that a caterpillar tractor has an advantage over a wheeled tractor in terms of patency on soft soils due to lower specific pressure on the soil. For the T-100, this figure was 4.6 N/sq. cm.

As buyers stated in their reviews, the main disadvantage of a caterpillar tractor, again compared to a wheeled tractor, is a more complex undercarriage device. The semi-rigid "weaving" system consisted of caterpillar bogies with a balancing device and caterpillars. They were made in the form of a welded box-section frame. The links of the caterpillar chain were interconnected by bushings and pins placed on them. Shoes of a special profile were also fixed here. The chain is mounted on wheels with a tension mechanism, support and support rollers. The balancing suspension was made in the form of a spring plate with two stabilizing, smaller springs.

Tractor cab

T-100 (tractor) reviews and now, against the backdrop of modern technology, is positive. It was equipped with a comfortable cabin for those times. It was installed behind the engine on a rigid frame. inside forthe driver was provided with a soft seat, lighting and a forced ventilation system. Today, unfortunately, the T-100 is a tractor (photo below), which has become only a memory. But in the 70s, he adequately competed with the technology of leading foreign firms. However, it was not enough. And it was used only at construction sites of allied significance, for example, at BAM.

Dimensions

Dimensions of a heavy caterpillar tractor (L × W × H) - 4.3 × 2.5 × 3.1 m. The length of the bearing surface of the tracks - 2.4 m, track - 1.9 m, ground clearance - 0.3 m. Another important indicator of technology is the specific metal consumption. It is almost 103 kg/hp

Tractor modifications

At the very beginning, the "weave" was aggregated with a DZ-53 bulldozer, in which the blade was controlled by a cable. Then it was modernized by installing a more modern hydraulic system. The new car received the designation DZ-54. And already fourteen types of attachments were produced for it for use in various construction and road works. These were a stump grinder, a brush cutter, a ripper, a stone remover, and an expander. Pile pile drivers, cranes and pipelayers were mounted on the T-100 chassis.

In the reviews of ordinary tractor drivers, it was stated that the modification of the T-100 MGP had hydraulic equipment, a front mounted system, and instead of a winch, a rigid hitch. It provided output mechanisms for connecting the power take-off shaft and the rear mounted system. Both of these modificationsproduced as a swamp, the tracks of which had a wider section - T-100 B and T-100 BG.

The letter "T" in the name marked a pipelayer, in which, instead of hydraulic hinged systems, fastenings for specialized units and devices were provided. The T-100 MGP-1 tractor was produced in a lightweight version without a cab. The last modification of the "hundred part", already produced in parallel with the new T-130, was the T-100 MZGP with hydraulic servomechanisms for controlling turns. And, perhaps, only it can still be found. And even purchase.

Tractor modifications for agriculture

It was supposed to use the T-100 caterpillar tractor in agriculture. But user reviews indicated that its speed is very low. Therefore, it did not receive distribution. The modification had the designation T-100 MGS. It had a separate-aggregate unified hydraulic system and a rear linkage mechanism. The T-100 MGS-1 tractor did not have this mechanism. In place of the winch, a power take-off shaft shank was installed. For comparison: T-25, as a 100% tractor for agriculture with dimensions of 3.0 × 1.5 m, can change the clearance and overall height depending on the attached equipment. Its forward speed range is from 6 to 22 km/h.

The name of the T-100 tractor - "weave" - has become a household name. It still denotes later models: T-130, T-170, T-10. Compared to new, modern options, the machine is characterized by difficult and uncomfortable working conditions for the driver. In spite ofthis, at all times it was reliable and hardy, almost did not break and had a high cross.