2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42
The brake system of a car is a system whose purpose is active traffic safety, its increase. And the more perfect and reliable it is, the safer the operation of the car becomes.
What is a handbrake
An essential part of the car and the braking system is the parking brake, in the common people - the handbrake. It is used when parking a car and when it is moving. It is impossible to imagine the safety of using a car without this mechanism.
The instructor of each driving school will initially explain the basic principles of his work, the importance of applying the parking brake. At any time, something unforeseen can happen to the car due to the simple carelessness of the driver, so it cannot be neglected.
Types and all features of this mechanism
To use it or not to use it? More on this later, first you should find out why it is needed. Most novice motorists do not attach due importance to the handbrake. But once it's time for the driving test, everything changes. Excitement takes over, and many studentsforget to take the car off the handbrake. And when the car is on the handbrake, it will go through force. Or the opposite case, when the car is not on the handbrake and is on a slope, when it starts moving, it will definitely roll. Exam retake guaranteed.
There are other, more unpleasant options. If the machine is standing without a driver on an inclined plane and is not put on the handbrake, it may roll. What are the consequences of such a scooter, it is better not to think. It becomes clear what action the handbrake is responsible for - it blocks the wheels.
You can only remove the block from the wheels if you turn off the handbrake system. Such an influence of the hand brake on the wheels of the car is due to the peculiarities of this mechanism.
Mechanism device
- The working purpose mechanism is responsible for regulating the speed of the car, reducing it and completely stopping it. Applies to driving at any speed. This system begins to function when the brake pedal is actuated. The system builds up pressure. A vacuum-type booster strengthens it, and through the brake hoses it acts on the pads - the fixed parts of the brake mechanism. The pads are moving. They pinch the brake disc or pinch the drum walls, depending on the type of brake. The braking process begins. To stop this process, you just need to stop pressing the brake pedal. This is the most demanded mechanism, as it is applicable all the time of movement. Is one of the most effective.
- Spare brake systemused in case of malfunction of the working system. It comes in the form of an autonomous system. Its functions are performed by part of a working system.
- The auxiliary system is used on vehicles with increased weight - trucks, heavy trucks. It is used by loaded cars on long descents. It often happens that on cars the role of an auxiliary system is performed by the engine.
- The parking brake is a mechanism designed to hold the machine in one place when it is on a slope, blocking the possibility of its involuntary rolling. It is also used when moving on slopes with a large degree of inclination. Often it is necessary to apply this type of brake in areas with congestion. It is used in cases requiring emergency braking. It can also be used to perform complex and abrupt maneuvers. It can be of two types according to the method of inclusion: pedal and lever (manual). Pedal type of brake application is not common.
What type of system drives the brake mechanism
There are three types of such brake drive: mechanical, hydraulic and electric. To put the car on the handbrake, it is necessary to the maximum, until it clicks, lift the brake lever up. The lever itself has a ratchet wheel that fixes it in the working position. This tightens the cables that connect the lever to the brake mechanism located on the rear wheels.
This mechanism has three, two or just one parking brake cable. The mechanism system hasthe equalizer is the part that connects the center and side cables. As a result, the force is evenly distributed between the rear wheels.
The main parts of the brake mechanism with cables are connected by adjustable tips. When the force is transferred to the levers, the cables spread the brake pads, press them against the drums of the brake system, and the braking process takes place. To disable the wheel lock, you need to hold down the button on the lever and lower it down. There are two systems of brake mechanisms: drum and disc. Previously, a drum system was used, but with the advent of the disk system, it began to fade into the background. Now the drum brake system is used mainly on trucks and buses.
Disc brake system
The disc brake system works great at high speeds. The structure of the disc brake system: a rotor attached to the hub, a brake caliper that has a piston and two pads. It is between these pads that the brake disc is located.
Handbrake is a simple but reliable device installed in almost all cars today.
Hydraulic brake system
The hydraulic braking system provides not only reliable braking of the car, but also increases its maneuverability and patency. This is achieved due to the fact that the hydraulic valve, being in the central position, connects the brake cylinder with absolutely all working cylinders.
In the left position heconnects the master brake cylinder exclusively to the working cylinders of the drive wheels on the left side. In the right position, the valve connects the master cylinder exclusively to the starboard working brake cylinders. This feature of the hydraulic system provides the vehicle with high maneuverability, and also significantly increases its cross-country ability. The hydraulic brake system consists of the following parts: brake cylinder, expansion tank, system pressure regulator and two brake circuits, for the rear and front wheels.
The pressure generated in the system is transferred to the cylinders. They, in turn, press the parking brake pads against the brake discs, causing the car to stop.
The hydraulic system is widely used today in the creation of passenger cars. If desired, you can replace the classic hand brake mechanism with a hydraulic one. The hand brake valve will also block the rear wheels of the car, but maintaining such a system is much easier. It is no longer necessary to tighten the handbrake. A clear advantage is that there is no equalizer for the right and left wheels. Hydraulics equalizes the pressure at all points of the brake circuit. Replacement can be done both independently and by contacting the service.
Deficiencies in the hydraulic system
But the hydraulic system has a drawback: this design loses its reliability. If the car loses fluid, it will not be possible to stop it, while the mechanical handbrake works independently, and the losshe is not afraid of liquids. An electric handbrake is different from all other types of it. This is a stand-alone device controlled by an on-board computer. Consists of electric motor, belt drive, reducer, screw drive.
Here, the handbrake is installed on the rear wheel caliper and after a signal is given, the electric motor activates the screw drive, which consists of a planetary gearbox with an electric motor. He begins to slow down the motor, and the pads are pressed against the brake discs.
It is recommended to check and adjust the brake from time to time. Consider self-adjusting the parking brake on the example of several cars. First, let's look at the VAZ brake, and then at Mazda.
Handbrake on a VAZ 2110
Firstly, it is worth carrying out such an adjustment every 30,000 km. And when the car moves without permission after putting it on the handbrake. To independently adjust the handbrake of a VAZ car, a flyover will be enough. Of the tools - pliers and several keys on "13".
VAZ parking brake needs to be fully lowered. One wrench loosens the lock nut, at the same time, with the second wrench, be sure to hold the adjusting nut. Tighten the adjusting nut until the handbrake cable is tensioned. It is important to know that when tightening the adjusting nut, it is necessary to hold the stem with pliers. The full travel of the lever should be between two and four clicks.
Next, tighten the equalizer locknut. Release the brake lever andmanually rotate the rear wheels. It should be uniform without jamming the mechanism. Adjustment completed.
Mazda 6 parking brake
Even though Mazda is made in Japan, the brake technology is almost the same. To adjust or replace the Mazda 6 parking brake, the rear of the car must be raised. The block with cup holders must be disconnected. The parking brake lever must be in the lowered position.
The adjusting nut must be completely loosened. Insert a pre-prepared plastic probe about 1 mm thick between the expanding levers. Adjust the nut until one of the expansion levers moves. Then you need to pull out the probe and check the ease of rotation of the wheels until one of the expanding levers begins to move. Then you need to pull out the dipstick and check the ease of rotation of the wheels.
A Mazda parking brake is considered to be in good condition if it takes three to six clicks to fix it.
Handbrake Tips
It is not recommended to leave the car on the handbrake for a long period of time, especially if it is parked outside. Excessive moisture can cause corrosion, causing the brake discs to "stick" to the wheels. A similar situation can occur in winter, the disks will freeze to the wheel disks. Vehicle movement will become impossible for some time. Also, when starting to move, do not forget to remove the car from the handbrake, driving with the handbrake up can lead tobreakdowns.
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