Throttle sensor VAZ-2110: signs of a malfunction, device, principle of operation, tips for troubleshooting

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42

The purpose of the throttle has been the same since the introduction of the automobile. First of all, it is responsible for the formation of the fuel-air mixture. At the same time, its structure has changed dramatically over the past few decades. This is no longer just a movable partition in the carburetor that limits the supply of gasoline, but a rather complex device that works in constant relationship with the electronic control unit. It is carried out using a throttle sensor (TPS). This node is available on all cars with injection engines, including the "top ten". The device, characteristics and main symptoms of a malfunction of the VAZ-2110 throttle sensor are discussed below.

Design and principle of operation of the throttle assembly

The device is designed to regulate the air supply to the engine and ensure its idling. The node is a structurally complete element. Located between the air filter and the intake manifold, andconsists of the following components:

1. Aluminum housing with spigot.
2. Canister fitting.
3. Throttle position sensor VAZ 2110 (TPDZ).
4. Crankcase ventilation fitting
5. Idle speed control.
6. Throttle control section, with cable attachment mechanism.
7. Inlet and outlet fittings for remote heating.
8. Throttle valve.

The operating principle of remote control is briefly as follows. The air, having passed through the filter and the MAF, enters the nozzle of the throttle assembly, and then through the open damper into the engine cylinders. More precisely, in one of them, the one where the intake stroke occurs. The throttle valve is connected to the gas pedal by a cable, so the driver regulates the air supply. True, only from this the car will not go faster. The working mixture is not only air, but also gasoline, which is forced into the cylinders. In order for the ECU to supply more fuel to the injectors, it is necessary to press the gas pedal and convert it into an electrical signal. For this, a throttle sensor is installed in the VAZ-2110 injector. We will talk about it in more detail a little later, but for now let's consider the operation of the node as a whole.

The gas pedal is released, the throttle is closed and the engine, it would seem, should stall. However, it continues to work, unless, of course, the ignition is on. This happens thanks to the idle speed sensor. Through it, the minimum amount of air necessary for the stable operation of the engine is supplied. The connection with the adsorber allows the "top ten" to comply with the Euro-3 standard. Throttle assembly heating fittings connect it to the engine cooling system. The circulation of antifreeze helps to avoid frost on the surface of the case in frosty weather.

Design and principle of operation of the throttle sensor

Controller without exaggeration can be called the key element of the site. Thanks to him, the composition of the working mixture that is optimal at the moment is selected. Many engine parameters directly depend on the correct operation of the TPS. The first signs of a malfunction of the VAZ-2110 throttle sensor will be a significant deterioration in the performance of the power unit in all operating modes. This will eventually affect his resource.

Design

Despite its importance, the sensor is quite simple. It is a conventional potentiometer, in other words, a variable resistance. Like any other element of this type, the sensor has three contacts. Two fixed ones are connected to the plus of the control unit and the "ground" of the on-board network, and the signal for the ECU is removed from the "slider".

"Native" dozens of sensors, that is, those that are installed at the factory, are contact. They have a special resistive layer along which the very third contact of the potentiometer moves. Despite the fact that this coating is very persistent, it often becomes one of the causes of a malfunction of the VAZ-2110 throttle position sensor.

Working principle

The movable contact of the sensor is located on the same axis as the throttledamper. Its control sector is connected by a cable and rods to the gas pedal of the car. Thus, each pressing of the accelerator leads not only to the rotation of the damper at a certain angle, but also to the movement of the movable contact along the resistive coating. As a result, the resistance of the potentiometer changes and, as a result, the voltage at the corresponding output of the control unit. The ECU increases the amount of fuel supplied to the cylinders. And this will happen simultaneously with the opening of the throttle. Both events are synchronized in time, and the currently optimal mixture enters the cylinders. Therefore, any malfunction of the VAZ-2110 throttle sensor leads to depletion or enrichment of the composition, which makes the trip, to put it mildly, uncomfortable.

Possible malfunctions

The contact type sensor is quite reliable, and according to the designers' intentions, it should last at least 50,000 km. This is ideal, under average operating conditions. In practice, it often fails without even half of the pledged resource. Like any mechanic, the controller is very demanding on various gaps, frequency and speed of the slider. The situation is complicated by the difficulty of diagnosis. The main symptoms of a VAZ-2110 throttle sensor malfunction are very similar to damage to many other vehicle components. However, the symptoms of damage to the TPS may be as follows:

• deterioration in engine performance;
• jerks during intensive acceleration;
• engine stop when shiftinggear;
• "Dips" when you sharply press the gas pedal.

As already noted, the weak point of the TPS is the mechanical moving contact. The slider of the resistor, moving along the resistive layer, damages it. A thin coating is simply wiped off, the contact worsens, making further operation of the car problematic. In addition, the movable contact itself may break. In this case, the engine almost does not respond to the gas pedal.

In any case, the TPS cannot be repaired, and there is no point in restoring it. The price of the sensor does not exceed 300 rubles. True, first of all, you need to make sure that it is he who is faulty.

Sensor check

The controller is an electronic element, and it is possible to verify its performance only with special devices. Therefore, before checking the VAZ 2110 throttle sensor, you need to get at least minimal skills in using a multimeter. It is not so difficult, especially since you only need to know two modes: resistance and voltage measurement.

So, to check the voltage TPS you need

1. With the probes of the multimeter, without removing the pads, measure the voltage between the "ground" and the movable contact of the potentiometer, with the throttle closed.
2. The reading should not differ much from 0.7 V.
3. Now you need to press the pedal all the way.
4. Voltage must be above 4V.
5. Turn off the ignition.

If even in one case, the multimeter readings do not correspond to the norm, this is a sure sign of a sensor malfunctionthrottle valve VAZ 2110.

Voltage may be within rated values. This means that the resistive element is OK, but there may be no contact between the coating and the moving contact. This is determined by measuring the resistance. It is necessary to remove the wire block from the sensor, and become the probes of the multimeter on the central and any of the extreme contacts. Gently depress the accelerator pedal. The readings of the device should change without jerks and disappearances. For better information content, you should use a pointer device.

How to get rid of moving parts

If it turns out that the TPS is faulty, then it is advisable not to skimp and put a proximity sensor when replacing. Its main element is a Hall sensor, very reliable, while there are no moving parts. It registers with great accuracy all changes in the magnetic field when the throttle angle changes and transmits it to its own electronic circuit. When replacing the sensor, no modifications need to be made to the design. It is enough just to dismantle the old one and install a new TPS.

Sensor replacement procedure

You only need a medium-sized shaped screwdriver to get the job done. The sequence of actions is as follows:

1. Disconnect the block with wires from the sensor.
2. Remove the two fixing screws.
3. Remove sensor.
4. Replace the foam pad.
5. Install a new sensor.
6. Connect the electrical block.

Thus, self-replacing the TPS does not present any problem, though there is one "but". The sensor is tested by the vehicle's on-board computer. In the event of a malfunction, the "Check engine" is activated. So, even after installing a new TPS, the alarm will not go out. It will take about 15 minutes to throw off the battery terminal or reset the error in another available way.