2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42
To ensure the stable operation of the engine of a modern car, a variety of sensors are used that collect information about the operation of a particular system. Based on their data, the electronic control unit corrects the quality of the fuel mixture, regulates its quantity for entering the combustion chambers, determines the desired ignition timing, turns on and off various additional mechanisms.
In this article we will talk about what an oxygen sensor (lambda probe) VAZ-2114 is, consider its design and principle of operation. In addition, we will try to understand the malfunctions of this element and methods for their elimination.
What is an oxygen sensor
The oxygen sensor is an electromechanical device designed to determine the amount of oxygen in exhaust gases. Its use is mandatory for all vehicles with an environmental class higher than "Euro-2".
Why is it needed? The fact is that modern environmental standards require a car to have a minimum content of harmful compounds in the exhaust. It is only possible to achieve their reductionby forming an ideal (stoichiometric) fuel mixture. It is for these purposes that the oxygen sensor, or, as it is also called, the lambda probe, serves. The electronic control unit, having received information about the oxygen content in the exhaust, increases or decreases the amount of air to form a mixture.
Where is the oxygen sensor
In VAZ-2114 cars, the lambda probe can be located in different places, depending on the engine modification. In the "fourteenth", equipped with one and a half liter power units, it is located on top of the exhaust pipe. You can get to it only from below, driving the car into a viewing hole or overpass. In 1.6-liter VAZ-2114, the lambda probe is located much more conveniently. It is screwed into the top of the exhaust manifold housing. You will immediately see it when you lift the hood.
How an oxygen sensor works
The VAZ-2114 lambda probe has a fairly simple design. It is based on a ceramic element with two electrodes. They are usually coated with zirconia. One of the electrodes is in contact with air (outside the exhaust lines), and the second is in contact with exhaust gases.
The principle of operation of the device is based on the potential difference that occurs between the contacts of the device during engine operation. The electronic control unit sends an electrical impulse to the sensor and analyzes its changes. Based on the increase or decrease in the voltage at the probe contacts, the ECU "makes a conclusion" about the amount of oxygen in the exhaust.
Lambda probe:signs of malfunction (VAZ-2114)
Failure of the "fourteenth" oxygen sensor is usually accompanied by the following symptoms:
- the "CHECK" warning lamp lights up on the instrument panel, warning the driver of an error;
- engine idling is unstable (revs fluctuate, engine stalls periodically);
- a noticeable decrease in power and traction characteristics of the power unit;
- car jerks when picking up speed;
- increased fuel consumption;
- exceeding the level of toxic substances in exhaust gases (determined by measurement at a specialized station).
What the electronic control unit can tell about
If the warning lamp on the dashboard lights up, indicating errors in the operation of the engine, and its burning is accompanied by the above problems, it is advisable to test the controller. Today, this can be done both at the service station and at home. Of course, if you have a special tester and a laptop (tablet, smartphone) with the appropriate software. When connected, this device will give you trouble codes.
For VAZ-2114 cars, a lambda probe that has failed can report its malfunction with the following errors:
- P0130 - incorrect sensor signal;
- P0131 - excessive excess of oxygen in the exhaust gases;
- P0132 - oxygen too low;
- P0133 - weak or slow sensor signal;
- P0134 –no sensor signal.
What can happen to a lambda probe
The resource of the lambda probe for the "fourteenth", declared by the manufacturer, is 80 thousand kilometers. But this does not mean at all that it cannot fail much earlier or last twice as long.
The cause of a malfunction of the VAZ-2114 lambda probe may be:
- overheating of the working element;
- violation of the tightness of the sensor connection with the exhaust manifold housing;
- contact clogging of the device due to the use of low-quality fuel, or the ingress of oil (coolant) into gasoline.
Procedure of actions in case of problems with the lambda probe
When you find signs of an oxygen sensor failure, do not rush to the store for a new device. Replacing the lambda probe VAZ-2114 is not such a cheap pleasure. The fact is that this sensor costs about 2.5 thousand rubles. Therefore, you must first:
- visually inspect the lambda probe;
- install its modification (in case of purchasing a new one and subsequent replacement);
- Check if the probe works.
Which lambda probe for VAZ-2114
On the first Samar models of the fourteenth model with one and a half liter engines, Bosch sensors were installed 0 258 005 133. This lambda probe ensured the operation of the power unit in accordance with the requirements of Euro-2 standards.
Since 2004VAZ-2114 engines began to be equipped with Bosch sensors 0 258 006 537. They differ from the previous modification in the presence of a heating element. It is noteworthy that all Bosch oxygen sensors for the "fourteenth" are interchangeable.
Checking the performance of the oxygen sensor with our own hands
How to check the lambda probe on the VAZ-2114 for performance? A complete diagnosis of the device can only be carried out using an oscilloscope. But it is possible to determine whether it is working or not without sophisticated electronics. All you need is a voltmeter for this. Connect its “negative” probe to ground, and the “positive” one to terminal “B” in the sensor connector, without disconnecting it from the on-board network. Turn the ignition on and look at the voltmeter reading. The voltage at the terminals of the device must match the voltage of the battery. If it is less, it means that an open circuit is possible in the sensor circuit.
If everything is in order with the voltage, check the sensitivity of the working element of the probe. To do this, connect the “negative” probe of the voltmeter to the output “C” of the sensor, and the “positive” one to the contact “A”. The voltage should be within 0.45 V. If this indicator is exceeded by more than 0.02 V, the sensor must be replaced.
Repair or replacement
Having determined that the "fourteenth" lambda probe is faulty, you can either try to repair it, or simply replace it. Restoring the sensor consists in cleaning its contacts from carbon deposits. It is he who may be the reason that the device has ceased to function normally.
To begin with, the sensor must be unscrewed from the manifold or exhaust pipe. It is not always easy to do this. The fact is that its body very often sticks to the specified elements of the exhaust system. Anti-rust fluid (WD-40 or similar) may help in this case. Treat the junction with such a liquid and wait half an hour.
When the sensor is unscrewed, pay attention to its body. He is unbreakable. The contacts that we have to clean are located behind the slots in the case at the bottom.
Important: do not clean the contacts mechanically (with a knife, sandpaper, file, etc.)! Doing so will only aggravate the situation and permanently disable the sensor.
Clean contacts only with chemicals. For example, orthophosphoric acid. Just soak the bottom of the probe in acid for half an hour and then dry it on a gas burner.
It's not worth disassembling the sensor, sawing its body. As practice shows, after such a procedure, its performance is no longer returned.
If you decide to replace the lambda probe, buy a new device in the auto shop that meets the specification and install it in place of the old one. With the ignition on, start the engine, warm it up and check if the CHECK warning light is on.
Ways to cheat the electronic control unit
There are three more ways to get your engine back up and running without buying a new oxygen sensor. Without a doubt, they were invented by uscraftsmen. And they consist in the fact that it is necessary to mislead the electronic control unit so that it does not notice errors in the operation of the sensor.
The first way is mechanical. For its implementation, a special spacer (sleeve) is screwed between the lambda probe and the collector housing (receiving pipe). Its use allows you to move the sensor contacts away from the exhaust gases. Thus, the amount of oxygen between them artificially increases, and the electronic control unit "remains satisfied" with the result.
It costs about 500 rubles for a similar snag of a lambda probe VAZ 2114. And if you have a lathe, you can make it yourself.
The next way to cheat the ECU is electronic. Its essence is to install a primitive converter in the sensor circuit, consisting of one resistor (1 MΩ) soldered into the gap of the blue wire of the connector and one capacitor (1 μF) connected between the blue and white wires. As a result of such a simple deception, the electronic control unit will constantly receive a signal of the desired voltage, and perceive the operation of the lambda probe as proper.
Alternatively, you can also reflash the controller by changing its software. But it is better to entrust such manipulations with the "brain" of the engine to specialists.
How to extend the life of the lambda probe
To keep your oxygen sensor as long as possible, keep the following tips in mind:
- use only quality fuel;
- don't get hitinto fuel oil and other process fluids;
- monitor the operating temperature of the engine, do not let it overheat;
- diagnose the oxygen sensor according to the manufacturer's maintenance schedule;
- when identifying signs indicating problems with the lambda probe, do not delay the diagnosis.
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