ZIS-5 car: specifications, description and device

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42

Today, trucks are used in logistics. With their help, deliver various goods or provide various delivery services. Modern vehicles with a high payload are equipped with literally the latest technology - this allows you to ensure comfort as well as driver safety. However, during the Great Patriotic War, feats were accomplished on trucks. They participated in the delivery of weapons, ammunition, food and water. What was the cost of only delivering food to Besieged Leningrad. One of these is the legendary truck ZIS-5. About him and will be discussed.

With a payload of 3 tons, this vehicle was the second most mass-produced.

During World War II, he was one of the most massive. This model was made at the Stalin plant from 1933 to 1948.

Adjustment Child

At the very beginning there was "Otokar" - it's American, nottoo well-known and not very popular model, which was assembled by AMO. It was very simple in design, and its cost was low, which was very relevant.

And in 1931, the Moscow Automobile Society successfully survived the modernization, and then, at the company's facilities, they began assembling the new AMO-2. The car was built on the basis of American components and parts. Then there were many more modifications. AMO-3 can be distinguished. This truck had a carrying capacity of 2.5 tons - and now in 1933 it was again modified. In the meantime, the plant was also renamed, the new name is the Stalin Plant. ZIS-5 is built on the basis of AMO-3, but only on a domestic component base.

There were only 10 copies in the first batch. Conveyor assembly was established at the end of 33 without the production of an experimental car. The design was very simple, so there were no failures during assembly. The car was launched into the series in the shortest possible time.

The ZIS-5 truck got its popular name, and it was called nothing more than a “three-ton”, thanks to its carrying capacity. The Red Army called the car respectfully - "Zakhar Ivanovich".

As for the design, it is no different from other models of the war years. This is an automotive classic. Leading engineers participated in the development, and the work was carried out virtually completely from scratch. The main focus that faced the engineers was increased maintainability and maximum simplicity. However, it was necessary to improve the characteristics of patency and carrying capacity.

ZIS-5: device

The design was simple, if not primitive. The machine consisted of 4500 parts.

They were mostly made of cast iron, steel and wood. It was possible to disassemble the car with a minimum of tools. Hardware and fasteners were in nine sizes, and it was impossible to break the thread on them. Only 29 bearings were used in the device.

But for all its simplicity, the ZIS-5 (car) was quite modern for those times. The kit included an electric starter, a diaphragm type fuel pump, a fuel tank under the driver's seat. The oil was changed after 1200 km, and not after 600, as on other models. Mileage without the need for major repairs was 70,000 km.

Continuous improvements

In the course of improvements, engineers developed and implemented a new ZIS-5 engine in hardware. AMO Z, and the "American" was equipped with a six-cylinder "Hercules". He gave out 60 horses at 2000 rpm. For "Zakhar Ivanovich" this power was not enough.

Therefore, it was decided to increase the size of the cylinders. The result was successful - the power increased to 76 hp. With. So, the "three-ton" became one of the most powerful trucks for that period of time.

The power unit proved to be very reliable. It worked equally well on any fuel. He could work effectively even on kerosene. When it was hot, it evaporated as well as gasoline.

In winter, the unit was started by pouring a little gasoline into the cylinders. To do this, I had to unscrew the spark plugs. Then the candles were returned back, and only after these manipulationsturned the ignition knob. Needless to say, the unit started almost half a turn.

Transmission

The old gearbox with the new motor categorically refused to work, so I had to urgently create a new design. So, it turned out a new gearbox with four gears, and not three, as it was on the previous model.

The gear ratio of this box was 6, 6, and in the main gear this number was 6, 4. This allowed the ZIS-5 to pull a trailer of 16 tons, while the engine speed was 1700 rpm, and the speed was - 4, 3 km / h.

First gear was used only off-road, or at maximum loads. By the way, the cross-country ability of the ZIS-5 was just excellent. Low-speed engine, good transmission, high ground clearance of 260 mm. The car could go where others just got stuck.

The gears in the gearbox of the new design were connected to the intermediate shaft not traditionally, but with the help of splines. This improves the alignment of the gears.

The previous model from Brown and Life had a simpler design. There, the gears were simply planted on a square pal.

The unreliable cardan shaft, which was equipped with three hinges and an intermediate support, was changed to a simpler one. It featured two hinges. They were easier and cheaper to make.

Chassis

Many were convinced that the chassis in this truck is rather weak.

The frame was hard to break, it didn't bend. However, it could be very easily skewed. For example, if one wheel hit the road potholes.

Stiff springs didn't do any good. And such elasticity was obtained due to a special heat treatment technology. The crossbars, as well as other parts, were not connected to the spars using traditional welding, but were riveted. If repaired with welding machines, it greatly weakened it.

Cab

During the war, engineers faced the task of simplifying the cockpit design as much as possible.

It began to be made of wood, as well as plywood. The wings were made by bending rolled products, in the pre-war period they were stamped. The right headlight was removed. After the war, of course, the equipment was brought back to normal.

The visibility of the road wasn't as good as today's truck models, but there wasn't much choice at the time. You can also forget about comfort. To fit between the steering wheel and the driver's seat, you need to be very lightly dressed. There was no soundproofing in the car - to hear the interlocutor, you had to shout.

The cabin was equipped with a ventilation system, but there was no stove. And if the windows were frosted over, you had to use ventilation. However, the cabin was well ventilated naturally - there were many cracks.

Brake system

Modern hydraulic brakes were not in the design. They were provided for, but in wartime there were no necessary volumes of brake fluid. Therefore, the truck could be slowed down by mechanical rear brakes. By the way, the truck is greatbraked the engine. As soon as the driver eases the pressure on the gas, or completely removes his foot from him, the car immediately slowed down. After the war, hydraulics were still installed.

Specifications

ZIS-5, model of the 30s, with a power unit volume of 5.5 liters, could produce 73 liters of power. s, then after revision - 76, and after the war - 85 liters. With. The four-speed gearbox allowed for excellent traction control. The weight of the truck is 3100 kg, and the maximum speed that was achieved was 60 km/h. Fuel consumption could range from 30 to 33 liters per 100 kilometers.

Due to its design, the car could easily pass fords up to 0.6 m deep.

Maximum lift at full load is 15%. The fuel tank had a volume of 60 liters.

Soldier, hard worker, legend

In 1941, an air raid was carried out on the plant. Stalin. It was ordered to completely take out all production. In 42, the release was resumed again. These trucks performed a variety of functions in the rear and at the front. There were no buses yet, and 25 people could fit in the back of this car. They carried ammunition, various equipment. These vehicles took Red Army soldiers to Berlin and back.

In Moscow, the truck was produced until the age of 48. The last batch was equipped with a new unit - ZIS-120. In total, about a million of these trucks were created in the Soviet Union.

This car is a rather modest worker with a very long and very confusing fate. Today, these are no longer found on the roads. They are preserved either in museums or in private collections. If you really want to, then you can make a reduced model of the ZIS-5 car. There are drawings in our article - this is a very exciting activity.

So, we found out the history of the creation and technical characteristics of the ZIS truck.