2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:41
Quite recently, for ordinary motorists, it was a curiosity for the presence in the car of electronic systems supported by automation. Today, many such assistants are used, some of which are actively involved in the direct control of driving. One of the most significant can be called the system of exchange rate stability, which is responsible for correcting the moment of force of the wheels. This technology is labeled as ESC (Electronic Stability Control) and is most often available as an option for models not lower than the middle class. However, some automakers are starting to offer similar devices for budget vehicles.
Technical implementation of the system
A directional stability or dynamic stability mechanism is a set of functional components, including a control unit, sensors and hydraulic actuators.
Sensitive elements (sensors) in operationregister the parameters of the movement of the car and evaluate the actions of the driver, sending the corresponding data to the control unit. For example, the steering wheel angle, brake light status, wheel speed and brake pressure level are taken into account. Further, the control unit of the stability control system, based on the received signals, sends commands to the actuating equipment. Valves, brake pressure switches, optics, etc. are activated at this stage.
Hydraulic devices, depending on the settings, can control the behavior of the car on the road, affecting, among other things, the gearbox.
Operation principle
The moment the system enters the control process can be considered a potentially dangerous or emergency situation, the risk of which the stabilizer determines by comparing the parameters of the machine's movement and the actions of the owner. So, if the stability control system detects a difference between the actual indicators of the vehicle's condition and those previously set, then the situation will be recognized as uncontrollable and control will partly pass to the ESC modules.
Here it is important to note the significance of the parameters that are taken as critical. The user himself sets them up in advance, and if during the driving process for one reason or another they are violated, the system starts working automatically.
Now another question - how is direct control achieved? Much depends on the specific version, butstandard ESC stability control systems implement control through the following actions:
- Change the torque of the power unit.
- Braking wheels (all or some individually).
- Correction of the damping degree (if the vehicle is equipped with adaptive suspension).
- Change the angle of rotation of the wheels (if equipped with active steering).
Additional functionality
ESC modules can have different configurations - from basic to advanced with a certain set of subsystems. In particular, brake boosters, moisture removal devices, temperature correctors, units that prevent the machine from tipping over, etc. can optionally be added. The possibility of expanding functions at the software level is also provided. This refers to the electronic change of torque parameters or the activation of sound and light signals.
In machines equipped with a towing device, the road stability system can be supplemented with road train stabilization. This mechanism is designed to prevent oscillation when driving with a trailer.
Active brake reliability usually focuses on regulating the power function of the brake, but ESC also corrects for lack of grip between brake discs and pads.
Differences from ESP technology
Basically, these systems differ a little, and the key tasks are completely the same. This is preventionskid, trajectory support and generally eliminate any risk of collision. The difference lies only in the ways in which these goals are achieved. So, the ESP system of exchange rate stability is more focused on the software regulation of motion parameters and the connection with the anti-slip protection module.
In terms of technical device, technology is also mostly the same. The ESP kit contains the same electronic control unit and sensors, which are called G-sensors. That is, the emphasis is on the quality of registration of operating parameters, and not on the means of their practical change. The ESP system intervenes in the control process not at the expense of its own infrastructure, but by changing the current functional indicators of the engine, braking system and devices responsible for active safety - the same traction control module.
What do you need to install the ESC complex?
Precisely because of the interaction of stabilizers with related security systems, such equipment will require an appropriate kit. Depending on the type of ESC and the assigned functional tasks, it may be necessary to pre-install an anti-lock brake system and an engine control unit.
There are also nuances of using an electronic stability control system on cars with manual transmissions. Full control of the control through the regulation of the transmission unit in this case will not be provided. It also pre-calculates the possibility of connecting toon-board network of electrical devices, including sensors.
Disadvantages of the stability control system
ESC modules have many benefits in terms of driver safety. In addition, this assistant is also an ergonomic addition, in some cases simplifying driving.
But there are situations in which the same module will come out on the negative side. For example, if an experienced driver, according to a well-established scheme, wants to get out of a skid by increasing the gas. In this case, the vehicle's stability control system will not allow this, limiting the fuel supply and cutting torque. The way out will be the stabilizer disable button, which is worth remembering in such conflict situations.
In closing
Electronic driving assistance systems show an example of effective interaction between the software filling of the car and the mechanics. Moreover, every year the leading auto giants offer new and more advanced modifications of such assistants. For example, in the latest versions of the ESC system, they provide a reaction in just 20 ms. And this is regardless of the current speed and driving mode. But, as already noted, this technology is not available to all motorists. Owners of inexpensive domestic models, for example, can only purchase it as an option and for a lot of money compared to other additional equipment.
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