Car muffler device: features, diagram and reviews

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42

The car has a complex device. This is not only the engine, gearbox, suspension and bodywork. The car also has an exhaust system. It includes such an element as a silencer. What is it for and how is it arranged? We will consider the device of a car muffler in our today's article.

Destination

This is an integral structural element of the exhaust system. It is the muffler that allows you to reduce the exhaust noise level when the engine is idling and under load. In addition, such an element performs the following tasks:

• Decreases the flow rate of gases.
• Reduces their temperature.
• Transforms their energy (reduces ripple).

You need to understand that the exhaust gases that come from the engine cylinders have a very high pressure. In view of this, significant sound vibrations are created. The task of the silencer is to convert these vibrations into thermal energy. This reduces the noise level.

Of course, it will not be possible to achieve complete silence, but he will be able to remove most of the vibrations. But the principle of operation of the muffler is such that it creates back pressure in the exhaust system. This results in a slight reduction in engine power. For this purpose, sports mufflers are installed on some cars, but we will talk about them a little later.

Device

So, let's consider the muffler device of VAZ and other modern cars. The design of such an element includes:

• metal case;
• front perforated tube;
• middle partition;
• inlet pipe;
• rear baffle;
• rear perforated tube;
• outlet.

The silencer has a complex design. There are several tubes in the metal case - all of them are perforated. If we consider the silencer device in section, we can see that it has several chambers. Depending on the model of the car, there can be from two to four. On expensive mufflers, sound-absorbing material is additionally used. But, as a rule, the part goes without one. This applies to all VAZ models and budget foreign cars.

Thus, the flow of gases is constantly changing its direction. The muffler is a kind of labyrinth, passing through which the exhaust gases become less loud. The case itself is made of ordinary metal. To extend the service life, manufacturers create aluminum plating. But this coating does not last long.

First outbreakscorrosion appear on the surface within a year after operation. Especially such mufflers are afraid of moisture and road reagents. Also, corrosion appears not only outside, but also inside. When cutting through a used muffler, you can see that its partitions do not have solid foundations, and some have already rotted away.

Forward flow

It is a sports muffler. Its design is somewhat different from the standard. So, the device of a straight-through muffler assumes the presence of the following components:

• body;
• straight outlet;
• perforated pipe;
• steel mesh;
• sound-absorbing material (glass fiber is used as such);
• all-welded joints.

As we noted earlier, a conventional muffler creates back pressure in the exhaust system. Since this is displayed negatively on power, a direct-flow analogue was created. It differs in that it does not have any chambers with partitions. In fact, it is a straight perforated pipe. By design, it resembles a resonator.

The advantage of such a muffler is that it contributes to a better scavenging of the cylinders. That is, gases freely leave the system. Moreover, due to the increased diameter of the pipe at the end, the gases seem to be drawn out without lingering in the collector and other elements. All this has a positive effect on power.

But I must say that the installation of a straight-through muffler is relevant only inif under the hood is a sports, turbocharged engine. If this is a standard car, even with minimal technical modifications, you will not be able to feel the increase in power. In addition, forward flow creates a louder sound, as the reviews say. And not everyone likes it.

Motorcycle muffler device

It is a bit like the design of the above muffler. So, it consists of:

• cylindrical part;
• straight cone;
• exhaust pipe;
• reverse cone.

Since this is the simplest baffle design, such a muffler does not contribute to a significant reduction in exhaust sound. It works in almost the same way as a direct current. The exhaust sound is very loud - say the reviews.

The principle of the silencer

Let's take a look at how a classic car muffler works. It must be said that the gases undergo a preliminary noise reduction procedure in the resonator. It is located behind the exhaust manifold and in front of the muffler. It takes up to 40% of gas pressure. The substances then enter the silencer.

Since the muffler design involves the presence of several partitions, gases are forced to pass through this labyrinth. After passing through each chamber, the vibration level and the exhaust flow rate are reduced. In this case, the muffler body itself is heated. At the exit, we get a quiet, not too hot exhaust, given that its temperature at the beginning is more than 400 degrees. Thus, sound reduction is achieved by damping soundwaves baffles.

Absorber features

Considering the device of the silencer, it is worth noting such a component as the absorber. It is usually used on sports mufflers. The absorber is located in the space between the housing and the perforated pipe. It has a soft and porous texture. Designed to reduce vibration and sound vibrations. Can be used as an absorber:

• metal shavings;
• glass wool;
• mineral wool;
• metal wool;
• other non-combustible materials.

Part of the sound goes into the absorber. Thus, the energy of the gases is reduced. But you need to know that when absorbed, this material heats up significantly. Therefore, it must be fire resistant.

Which is better - forward flow or conventional muffler?

There is no definite answer to this question. It cannot be said that a sports muffler is a standard, otherwise it would be used on every car. Among the advantages of forward flow, reviews note:

• High service life as the body is made of stainless steel.
• Increased engine power. On average, this figure increases by 3-5%. Therefore, such a difference is felt only on high-power and productive engines.

At the same time, such mufflers have one huge minus. This is the exhaust sound. It is very loud, so these mufflers are not suitable for normal use.

As for the classic ones, theyMuch quieter, but last longer. Typically, the service life is three to five years.

Suppressor device for weapons

There are several types. If we talk about the simplest silencer for a pistol, its device is as follows:

• case;
• rubber membrane;
• connecting nut;
• expansion chamber.

The latter has a cylindrical shape and is covered with a rubber membrane in front. Since the chamber has a larger diameter than the barrel, the gases in it expand and lose speed. After the bullet, they come out with much less energy.

But it must be said that such a silencer device for weapons is unreliable. This design is designed for 100 shots. Then the membrane wears out and needs to be replaced. There are more reliable options. So, the silencer device for weapons includes a solid rubber plug. It replaces the flimsy membrane.

Another type of mufflers - with obturation. Consists of:

• expansion chamber;
• spacer;
• Stop plugs in the amount of two pieces.

The next type of weapon silencers are two-chamber eccentric ones. The silencer device assumes the presence of a chamber with a partition. The principle of operation is the same as that of the simplest species.

A more complex type is the heat-absorbing muffler. Its essence of work is to absorb heat and energy through aluminum shavings, brass or copper wire. Among the shortcomings of suchtype, it is worth noting the frequent wear of absorbers - they have to be changed regularly. Silencer device includes:

• wire stack;
• nut;
• spacers;
• interchamber partition.

Conclusion

So, we examined the silencer device and its features. As you can see, there are several varieties of such elements. On modern cars, the installation of a multi-chamber muffler is practiced. But the sports forward flow is placed only on certain types of cars.