2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:41
It just so happens that in history great discoveries are often made by a chain of accidents. It was as a result of a banal coincidence that the first cars appeared.
Many great minds dreamed of building a "self-propelled wagon". Even Leonardo da Vinci worked on the drawings of the first car. His spring-driven wagons were used in parades and folk festivals during the Renaissance. Scientists in Florence in 2004 recreated da Vinci's design according to surviving drawings and sketches. This clearly proved that the first cars could well exist in the era of the great inventor.
But the spring drive of the Italian did not inspire confidence in the reliability of the mechanism. Work on the creation of more advanced models did not stop. And now another discovery was the invention of a steam automatic machine by the Russian mechanic Polzunov. By itself, the machine did not move, but it was able to convert the energy of the fuel into thermal energy, which, in turn, contributed to the process of vaporization in the boiler. And the steam could be used at will. On the basis of the Polzunov steam engine, the French inventor N. Cugno created a self-propelledwagon. She was used as a vehicle for transporting cannons. Carts with a steam plant could compete with modern trucks in terms of weight and size. What was worth only the weight of the fuel and water necessary for its movement. With such a mass, the speed of the first car barely reached 4 km / h.
The steam engine haunted not only foreigners. Ivan Kulibin, a well-known self-taught inventor, also worked on the creation of the automobile. Its design was technically more complex than that of the Frenchman. In the Kulibino scooter cart there were rolling bearings that significantly reduced the coefficient of friction, a flywheel that made it possible to increase the shaft speed, a brake, and even a semblance of a gearbox. However, Kulibin's first cars did not find practical application either.
So the history of the automotive industry would have revolved around the steam engine, if Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz had not created a gasoline engine. Of course, it would be unfair to fully attribute the glory of the invention of the internal combustion engine to these two great people. Not fair to the other 400 co-authors, among whom was engineer Nicholas Otto, who received a patent for an internal combustion engine.
The appearance of the internal combustion engine was a turning point in the history of the creation of self-propelled vehicles. Now Karl Benz more or less accurately imagined which first car could firmly establish itself in history. In 1886, Benz patented his new creation - a self-propelled carriage. As a driving force in itgasoline engine was used. Ironically, another German designer, Gottlieb Daimler, creates the same crew. At the same time, the two inventors worked independently of each other. Despite the fact that Daimler created the first carburetor and motorcycle a year earlier, it was Benz who got the laurels of the inventor of the car.
The first cars of Karl Benz were three-wheeled double carriages. Instead of horses, they were driven by a water-cooled gasoline engine. The engine was located in a horizontal position above the rear axle. Torque was transmitted to the axle through two chain and one belt drive. To start the engine, the designer installed a galvanic battery. Despite the fact that the frame of the car consisted of metal tubes and was very fragile, and the maximum speed that the driver could count on did not exceed 16 km / h, this was a tangible progress in the history of mechanical engineering. It was these crews that subsequently made it possible for designers to create high-speed modern cars.
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