2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:41
The transfer case (or razdatka) is an integral part of every four-wheel drive vehicle. Its function is to distribute torque (hereinafter KM) along the axes of the car, as well as to increase it when driving off-road or bad roads.
The transfer box has the following device:
- the drive shaft transmits torque (hereinafter KM) from the gearbox to the transfer case;
- center differential is needed to distribute the CM between two axles;
- a mechanism that locks the center differential, provides a stronger connection between the rear and front axles. Blocking is carried out manually or automatically;
- chain (or tooth) transmission, rear and front axle drive shafts, reduction gear.
For a more complete realization of the capabilities of an all-wheel drive car, a mechanism is used that blocks the center differential, that is, its partial or complete shutdown. Modern mechanisms for self-locking the center differential are a friction multi-plate clutch,self-locking differential and viscous coupling.
Viscous coupling (another name is a viscous coupling) is the most inexpensive and simple device. Its work is based on the appearance of a blocking element at a certain difference in the speeds of the axes. The transfer case is most often equipped with a viscous coupling.
The self-locking differential is a special design, which consists of worm gears - driven and leading. Locking is made possible by friction in the worm gear. Since such a differential has strength limitations, it is not used on SUVs.
Friction multi-plate clutch distributes KM between axles depending on external conditions. In this case, the CM is redistributed to the axle that has the best grip on the road. To ensure the operation of such a clutch, the transfer case can be equipped with a hydraulic or electric drive, as well as an electrical control system.
Forced (or manual) blocking is possible only with the help of the driver. In this case, a hydraulic, electric or mechanical drive is used.
The function of the chain drive is to transfer the KM to the front axle of the machine. It includes driven and driven gear wheels, as well as a drive chain. Instead of a chain, the transfer case can be equipped with a spur gear. On modern machines, the reduction gear looks like a planetary gear.
On some vehicles with a 4x4 system, it is possible to connect the front-wheel drive manually(for example, UAZ transfer case). Some designs have permanent drive systems with the ability to disengage the front axle.
The transfer box can operate in several modes: the rear axle is on; both axles of the machine are included; both axles work when the center differential is locked; both axles work in a reduction gear when the differential is locked; both axles work when the differential is automatically locked. Switching modes occurs using the lever, rotary switch or buttons on the panel.
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