YaMZ-238 engine: specifications. Diesel engines for heavy vehicles

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42

Diesel engines in the modern world are installed on trucks, tractors, agricultural vehicles and tractors. The domestic analogue of reliable foreign engines is YaMZ-238. It is installed on such well-known vehicles as MAZ, KRAZ, KAMAZ, ZIL, DON, K-700 and other vehicles. Of course, initially the motor was intended for the products of the Minsk Automobile Plant. But over time, he proved that the YaMZ-238 engine, whose technical characteristics are high, is the best diesel engine in the USSR and the post-Soviet space, and can easily compete with such well-known brands as MAN and DAF.

General information

YaMZ-238 replaced the outdated engines YaAZ-204 and YaAZ 206. It was developed in the 50s by the legendary Soviet designer G. D. Chernyshev, who was also the author of YaMZ-236.

This engine gained its popularity due to its reliability and compatibility with manycars and tractors. 65 years have passed since the creation of the first motor, and the popularity of these engines has only increased. Ease of operation, repair and maintenance made YaMZ-238 an indispensable tool for many agricultural and construction companies that use this engine in their cars.

Of course, over the years of development and implementation of new technologies, this engine has received many modifications, but the basic structure has not changed, only adjustments have been made to the overall design.

Specifications

Consider the YaMZ-238 engine, engine specifications.

The engine has a V configuration for 8 cylinders, which are arranged in 2 rows. 16 valves provide perfect injection and exhaust. As on the 236th, the piston stroke is 140 mm, the cylinder diameter is 130 mm. The liquid cooling system of the YaMZ-238 engine provides maximum effect and prevents the engine from overheating.

The working volume is 14, 866 liters, and the power, depending on the modification, can be 235-420 horsepower. The YaMZ-238 engine, whose technical characteristics allow in some cases to develop power up to 500 horsepower, is installed not only on the recommended equipment, but also on cars with other design data. Also, turbocharging is used on new modifications, which gives even more confidence and traction during operation.

Device

TNVD YaMZ-238 is a fuel pump that can becall it a fuel station. It is located in the collapse of the power unit and supplies fuel to each cylinder separately, and injection is performed directly.

The engine has two block heads, which are made of cast iron. The camshaft is steel, manufactured using stamping technology. The main power unit is made of cast iron, and the crankshaft is made from a hardened billet by turning.

The injection system is designed so that the YaMZ-238 injection pump supplies fuel under pressure to the injectors that perform the injection. The fuel equipment on this engine is considered one of the most advanced in the world. The type of this system is plunger, has a centrifugal clutch, which is self-adjusting.

The pistons are cast from high-strength aluminum, which allows them not to break under heavy loads. Each of them has 1 oil scraper ring and 3 compression rings.

The YaMZ-238 engine, whose technical characteristics and design are reliable and simple, has a motor resource of 800 thousand km, and with proper maintenance, one can reach 1 million km.

Installation on other vehicles

The YaMZ-238 engine, whose technical characteristics are high, can be installed on other cars. So, cargo, construction and agricultural machinery were subjected to alterations. For example, KAMAZ with the YaMZ-238 engine proved to be very good, which made it possible to reduce fuel consumption, unlike the original Kama engine.

Of course, many cars had to be redonefasteners of the power unit, install another gearbox, but all this was justified during the operation and repair.

Repair

Repair of the YaMZ-238 engine is quite easy if you give it to specialists in this field. The main problem remains the search for spare parts, but many manufacturers give you the opportunity to choose from a wide range. With the onset of the crisis, pricing increased, but less than for foreign-made motors.

Let's consider which spare parts are changed more often when overhauling the YaMZ-238 engine. Technical characteristics in this case also play a very important role, since there are several generations of the motor, and therefore there is some dissimilarity. So, let's list the spare parts list:

1. Crankshaft and camshaft oil seals.
2. Bearing to/shaft.
3. Sleeve kits (piston, pin, sleeve, rings).
4. Connecting rod bushings.
5. Exhaust and intake valves.
6. Valve seats.
7. Guide bushings.
8. Valve seals.
9. Internal and connecting rod bearings.
10. Filters.
11. Butter.
12. Gasket kit.
13. And other small details.

When repairing, the cylinder block and crankshaft are usually bored to fit the repair dimensions, and the cylinder head planes are ground. The average cost of a YaMZ-238 overhaul is about 80,000-100,000 rubles, depending on the region and the selected spare parts. It's cheaper than buying a new engine.

Maintenance

Servicing the YaMZ-238 engine (whose technical characteristics have high results) is quite easy and simple. So, regular replacement of oil and filters will allow not only to develop a full working resource, but also in some cases to surpass it. Consider what needs to be changed during regular maintenance:

• Oil in a volume of 25 liters. That's how much is poured into this motor. By the way, lubricants such as M10G2K and M10DM are ideal for this diesel engine.
• Oil filter. Depending on the design and modification, it can be of different sizes and types.
• Fuel filters that must be replaced, as the quality of domestic fuel leaves much to be desired.
• Repair kits for coarse and fine fuel cleaning.

In some cases, it is necessary to read the injectors and the high pressure fuel pump.