2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:41
In most modern cars, you can find a timing belt tensioner pulley. It is necessary to ensure the normal functioning of the internal combustion engine. The designs of the rollers can be different, it all depends on the type of adjustment - manual or automatic. The principle of operation of these devices will also differ, and significantly.
Main features of idlers
At its core, the timing belt tensioner pulley 2108 or any other car is an integral component of the drive. With its help, it turns out to ensure the normal operation of the gas distribution mechanism. As a secondary task, the functions of the bypass roller are transferred to this device.
Any drive that has a flexible belt is tension sensitive. If you increase the force, then the elements of the gas distribution mechanism will wear out faster. And these are such components: water pump, bearings of the generator, crankshaft and camshaft. Even the teeth on the pulleys wear out faster. Alsobelt life is reduced.
But if you pull it too loose, the belt will slip on the pulleys. As a result of this, the valve timing gets off, the engine will work much worse. It is to maintain the operation of the motor in normal mode that the tension roller with manual or automatic adjustment is present in the design.
Idler rollers
There are two main nodes in any tensioner:
- Direct tensioner.
- Reel.
A roller is a pulley made of metal or plastic, its working surface is smooth. It is mounted on single or double row radial bearings.
On the roller, the working surface is in contact with the back of the belt. When the internal combustion engine is running, this element rotates freely. The design of the rollers can be either perfectly smooth or with shoulders so that the belt does not move during operation.
Depending on the length of the belt, there can be one or two rollers in the timing system drive design. In the timing design 2110, there is only one belt tensioner roller. On 16-valve motors, two elements are used, but one of them - bypass - is not involved in tension adjustment.
Tensioners
Tension mechanisms allow for the most efficient position of the roller for work. Devices are of the following types:
- Automatic - the tension is adjusted without human intervention.
- Manual - adjustment is made during repair ormaintenance of the gas distribution mechanism.
Manual tensioners can be sliding or eccentric. In the latter, a special bushing is used, in which the axis is shifted. This bushing is located inside the roller. When this tensioner rotates around the axis, the roller changes its position relative to the belt. Consequently, the tension force changes.
It is according to this scheme that the rollers of the timing belt tensioners "Priors" are made. But the slider devices move at right angles to the plane of the belt, thereby ensuring normal tension. Adjustment is carried out using a special screw. Such designs have not been used for a long time, since they are more complicated and more massive than eccentrics.
Disadvantages of manual tensioners
Both eccentric and slider devices have many disadvantages that affect the operation of the engine:
- Be sure to manually adjust the tension force. A dynamometer is used for this purpose.
- When the belt is worn and stretched, it is almost impossible to keep track of the change in tension.
- You need to adjust the tension sometimes.
But, despite all the shortcomings, the timing belt tensioner rollers are used on the new "Grant" of the eccentric type. The design is reliable and proven over the years, but the condition of the gas distribution mechanism drive mechanism needs to be monitored. The use of automatic devices will completely save the driver from carrying outadjustments.
Auto tensioners
The design of these mechanisms has elements that provide automatic tension adjustment. No matter how much wear the belt has, how fast it stretches, the tension will stay the same. With the help of such mechanisms, it is possible to reduce the level of vibration of the belt drive, absorb various shocks and shocks. There are two types of automatic tensioners in total:
- Hydraulic - powered by oil pressure.
- Mechanical - adjustment is made using springs.
The latter may use torsion or compression springs.
Mechanical devices
The timing belt tensioner pulley can be adjusted using a spring. If a compression spring is used, then the roller is pressed against the belt under the action of an elastic force. If a twisted spring is used, then its lower edge engages with the base. And the top is the impact on the roller. The force with which the spring acts on the roller is set by the manufacturer of the device. One thing is required from a driver or a mechanic at a service station - to install the mechanism correctly. It does not need to be adjusted, the roller device will take the most suitable position.
Hydraulic devices
They are more expensive and more complex, but the efficiency is higher than that of the spring ones. With their help, it is possible to achieve the installation of the required belt tension in the automaticmode. They also allow you to change the tension force in a wide range. At the base is a cylinder, which is mounted as follows:
- Together with the roller on the bracket. The rod, which is located on the cylinder, rests against the bracket or engine block.
- Directly on the engine block - on the cylinder - the rod rests against the roller, which moves along with the bracket.
No matter which cylinder design is used, they all have the same working principle. They have two cavities connected to each other. They are separated by a plunger device. The oil flows between the two cavities through the channels. Belt tension is controlled by oil pressure and spring.
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