Tractor maintenance

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:41

Maintenance of tractors is necessary to keep equipment in good working condition, ensure safety and longevity. Cars undergo several MOTs, including monthly and daily checks. Let's consider all these nuances in more detail.

Preparation for operational run-in

Maintenance of the MTZ-80 tractor and its analogues (before being put into operation from the assembly line or after long-term storage) is carried out as follows:

• Perform a visual inspection and clean the machine from dust and dirt.
• Remove the preservative lubricating coating.
• Assess condition and prepare batteries for launch.
• They control the oil level in the main components and assemblies, top up the liquid to the norm, if necessary.
• Lubricate rubbing and composite elements with a grease fitting.
• Check and tighten threaded and pin connections to the required parameters.
• Pay attention to the state of tension of the belt drive, the operation of the fan, generator,control unit. They check the pressure in the tires (on tracked counterparts - the degree of tension of the connectors of the caterpillar tracks).
• Turn on the power unit, listen to its work.
• Perform refrigerant and fuel charging.
• Visually read the readings of measuring instruments for compliance with standard standards.

Running

Maintenance of tractors during the operational break-in period involves a number of mandatory manipulations. Among them:

• Cleaning machines from dirt and dust.
• External inspection for leaks of fuel, lubricants and electrolyte, elimination of existing leaks.
• Checking the oil level and adding it to the required parameter.
• Carrying out a similar procedure for the coolant.
• Checking the operation and condition of the diesel unit, steering unit, wipers, brake system, alarm and lighting elements.
• Three working shifts additionally carry out and adjust the tension of the fan and generator drive belts.

TO tractors after running-in

A number of standard actions are also carried out here:

• Equipment is cleaned of impurities.
• Check and correct, if necessary, the tension of belt drives, the amount of pressure in the wheels, the clearances in the valves and rocker arms of the gas distribution, brake and transmission systems.
• At this stage, the maintenance and repair of tractorscarried out in the form of an inspection of the air cleaner with the restoration of the tightness of the joints, and also tighten the fasteners of the main components, studs and clamps of the motor head.
• Check and clean the surfaces of the terminals, cable lugs, control the condition of the ventilation slots in the plugs, top up with distilled water in the battery.
• The sediment is drained from the coarse filter of oil, fuel, brake compartment, as well as condensate from atmospheric cylinders.
• Clean the centrifugal oil cleaner.
• Lubricate the terminals of the wire lugs and the components of the equipment, according to the lubrication map.
• Flush diesel engine systems on idle unit.
• Inspect and listen to other main elements of the machine.

Daily Maintenance

In addition to cleaning the units from dust and dirt, during the daily maintenance of tractors, the following work is performed:

• Visually check for leaks, oil, fuel and electrolyte at the connections, followed by troubleshooting if necessary.
• Check the oil level in the crankcase pan, add liquid to the required level.
• A similar operation is carried out with the refrigerant in the radiator.
• The diesel plant, steering, brakes, alarm, windshield wipers, lighting are checked by listening and inspection method.
• During the shift, refueling of equipment with oil is allowed.

Features of TO-1

Maintenance and repairtractors in this context is carried out every 60 hours of operation of the machine. The list of works includes the following operations:

• Cleaning from dirt and dust.
• Visual check for leaks of fuels and lubricants.
• Troubleshooting if necessary.
• Checking the amount of oil in the crankcase, topping up to the required parameter.
• Similar manipulation of the refrigerant in the radiator.
• Checking the operation of lighting, alarm, steering, windshield wipers, engine start blocker, belt tension and tire pressure.
• Monitoring the condition of the main oil line, tightness of connections and air cleaners.
• Checking the speed of the rotary part of the centrifugal oil filter after stopping the power unit.
• Cleaning and checking battery terminals, wiring terminations, presence of distilled water.
• Elimination of sediment from coarse filters, condensate from brake blocks and air tanks.
• Lubrication of all parts requiring this procedure according to the special lubrication chart.

What is TO-2?

This type of maintenance of the MTZ-82 tractor and other wheeled versions is carried out every 240 hours of work. This includes all manipulations on TO-1, as well as:

• Check electrolyte density, charge batteries if necessary.
• Draining sediment from the coarse filter elements, as well as residues from the brake compartments of the rear axle and air tanks.
• Lubrication of terminals and wiretips, including the processing of parts of equipment in accordance with the lubrication map.

Also during this maintenance and repair of tractors, attention is paid to the condition and performance of the following components and assemblies:

• Gap between rocker arms and valves.
• Diesel timing unit, torque boost clutch.
• Brakes and driveline.
• PTO drive.
• Swivel clutch and steering mechanism.
• Front axle pivot bearings.
• Splint and bearing axial clearance.
• Force on the steering wheel rim.
• Levers and control pedals.
• Drainage holes.

This also includes power control of the power unit, tightening the mounting bolts and pins, cleaning the oil centrifugal filter, changing the fluid in accordance with the lubrication table of machine parts.

Maintenance and diagnostics of TO-3 tractors

This period provides for all work related to TO-2. In addition, the complex includes the following operations:

• Monitoring the pressure test in the injection phase, followed by determining the quality of the fuel. If necessary, adjust the nozzles, the angle of injection of fuel and the uniformity of its supply by the pump.
• Checking gaps between contacts and spark plug electrodes, including magneto breaker.
• Determined by the position and condition of the clutch starterdevice, bearings, wheel guides, track rollers, suspension carriages.
• The condition of final drive bearings, worm gears, hydraulic system and parking brake is monitored.
• Intermediate supports with pneumatic configuration.
• Cleaning the holes in the plugs of the tanks of the central and backup trigger.
• Check tire or track wear, sprocket profile and pitch.
• Checking the dimensions and positions of the leading stars and the technical condition of the crank devices.
• The duration of the start of the power plant is checked taking into account the operation of the cylinder-piston group and the gas distribution mechanism.
• Note the duration of the engine start and check the pressure in the lines of the lubrication, cooling and auxiliary systems.

Supplement

In the maintenance of the MTZ-80 tractor of the third degree, several more nuances are taken into account, namely:

• Checking the performance of the multi-mode controller. This indicator is checked against minimum, limit and other indicators. This list includes the pressure that the fuel booster pump develops, the duration of the rotation of the rotor, taking into account the indicators of these mechanisms after the engine is stopped.
• The control relay is being monitored and adjusted.
• The state of insulation comparisons of electrical wiring with the restoration of damaged areas is being investigated.

Bfurther maintenance of tractors "Belarus" and their analogues, a number of procedures are provided:

• Checking the information of control devices for compliance with the standard. If this indicator does not meet the required parameter, it must be repaired or replaced.
• Change the filters on the cleaning fuel pipe.
• Check the tightness of the pneumatic system.
• Carry out diagnostics (without disassembly) of bearings, if necessary, adjust the clearances in the nodes of the driving and accompanying gears.
• Inspect and determine wear by tight fit of flanged cardan shafts.
• Among other works on the specified maintenance, tire inspection, engine cooling system flushing, power control and fuel consumption in hours, testing of the main units for operability in motion are carried out.

Seasonal inspections

Tractor maintenance largely depends on operating conditions, including climatic conditions.

In the autumn-winter period, pay attention to the following points:

• Ensuring that the cooling system is charged with refrigerant that does not freeze.
• The operation of an autonomous heater and the installation of insulating covers.
• Replacing summer oil categories with winter counterparts, in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
• Deactivate the diesel engine lubrication cooler.
• Setting the adjusting screw of the seasonal controller of the machine to the winter position ("Z").
• Tractor maintenance technology inthe winter period involves fine-tuning the density of the electrolyte in the batteries to the appropriate norm.
• Check the working condition of devices aimed at facilitating starter start.
• They check the tightness of the cooling unit, the integrity of the insulation, the power supply from the generator, the heating of the workplace (cabin) and the effectiveness of the fuses.

Spring-summer period

Maintenance of the MTZ-82 tractor and similar machines at this time should also be carried out regularly. The list of work performed includes:

• Dismantling of insulating covers.
• Activation of the radiator operation system to lubricate the power unit.
• Disconnection from the cooler of the auxiliary heater of some units.
• Installation of the relay type adjusting screw to the "L" position (summer).
• The density of the electrolyte composition in batteries is adjusted to the summer norm.
• Descale the cooling unit if necessary.
• Fill the fuel section with fuel, the characteristics of which correspond to summer grades.

Also, the organization of tractor maintenance at this time provides for checking the cooling system for the maximum cooling capacity of the radiator. This takes into account the presence of lubrication on the rubbing elements, as well as the integrity of the electrical wiring and its associated elements. Check the operating current of the regulator relay. It is noteworthy that seasonal maintenance of the MTZ tractor can be excluded if it is operated in the southernclimate region.

Special Terms of Use

In certain cases, refueling of fuel and oil is carried out by a closed method. It is worth noting that the nuances of operating this equipment in desert and steppe conditions are carried out as follows:

• Air cleaner crankcase oil is changed every shift.
• If necessary, clean the central air pipe.
• In the same mode, check the electrolyte level, supplement the reservoir with the required amount of distilled water.
• When servicing a wheeled tractor on TO-1, they change the oil in a diesel engine through an express nozzle, on caterpillar counterparts, adjust the track tension.
• TO-2 includes manipulations for flushing the fuel tank, followed by refueling it completely at the end of the work shift.

Condensate is also drained from pneumatic cylinders, the system is filled with a special non-freezing liquid, which serves as a kind of catalyst for neutralizing temperature conflicts.

On rocky soil, the device and technological maintenance of tractors is somewhat different from the previous options. Features include:

• Monthly check for deformations in the undercarriage and protective parts of the hulls, fillings of blocks and equipment units.
• The fastenings of the drain plugs of the crankcase are checked, and similar parameters are taken into account on both axles. Detected malfunctions are eliminated only by replacing the part.

Interesting facts

The device and maintenance of tractors that are operated in high mountain ranges and similar climatic conditions have slightly changed parameters. Consequently, tractor maintenance systems in these regions differ from similar systems in other climatic zones.

TO features include:

• Given the high altitude conditions, the operation of the entire unit is optimized to cycle the fuel supply and improve the performance of the fuel pump, taking into account the manufacturer's recommendations on the possibility of using the machine a meter above sea level.
• When carrying out maintenance work on a tractor oriented to operate on marshy and unstable soils, additionally perform a monthly check for work with attachments that are oriented to the cultivation of the corresponding soil.
• These machines are checked monthly to clean the outside surface of dirt.
• The degree of contamination of the lubrication and cooling systems is taken into account.
• When working in the forest, cleaning the machine from logging residues is taken into account.
• After operating the equipment in swampy or other difficult areas, check the presence of water in the power transmission units and the running system. If water or condensation is found in these compartments, the oil must be changed.

Diagnosis

During the maintenance of tractors and cars of a similar category, they check in all casesnext:

• Status of the crank assembly of the power unit.
• Cylinder-piston group.
• Power train and trigger configuration.
• Performance of the main clutch with rotary clutches and bearing blocks.
• Condition of steering, running gear, oil pump, PTO drive and gearbox.

What gives THAT?

The basis of maintenance is tractor maintenance. These manipulations make it possible to regularly check the performance parameters of the equipment. At the same time, great attention is paid to the lubrication and tightening of fasteners, which directly affects the safety and durability.

Proper and timely maintenance creates the prerequisites for stable high-performance operation of machines and units based on them, the consumption of fuels and lubricants is reduced, downtime of tractors is reduced, and the cost of their repair is reduced. If you follow the factory instructions, which were mostly approved back in the fifties of the last century, maintenance should be carried out every shift, monthly and after a certain number of working hours. This takes into account the types and design features of equipment.

As a rule, the frequency of maintenance of machines and tractors in the technical plan is taken into account after working out a specific number of arable or construction hours. The whole process is regulated by regulations and standards developed by advanced machine operators together with scientists. It is very important,because when developing a maintenance plan, it is worth considering many factors, including climatic features, fuel costs, engine type and other performance characteristics.

Result

The procedure for the maintenance of tractors and other agricultural equipment allows you to ensure the good condition of the machines, increases their productivity, while focusing on saving energy and improving reliability. Although the current system is somewhat outdated, it takes into account a number of important factors, distributing the inspection of the tractor both before operational break-in and after long-term use.