Automatic transmission 5HP19: specifications, description, principle of operation

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42

Cars with automatic transmission are by no means a rarity on our roads. Every year the number of cars with automatic transmission is growing, and gradually the automatic will replace the mechanics. This popularity is due to one important factor - ease of use. Automatic transmission is especially relevant in large cities. Today there are many manufacturers of such boxes. But in the article below, we will talk about a brand like ZF. This German manufacturer has long been engaged in the production of gearboxes for cars and trucks. BMWs are no exception. So, they are equipped with automatic transmission 5HP19. What is this box, how is it arranged and how does it work? Consider in our today's article.

Characteristic

The BMW 5HP19 automatic transmission is a five-speed transmission that was developed in 1995 from the four-speed 4HP18. Also, this box is found on all-wheel drive vehicles from Audi and Volkswagen. Notable features includethe fact that it can withstand incredible torque, and therefore is installed on cars with engines up to four liters. Depending on the type of drive, such a gearbox had its own marking - 01L or 01V.

According to the passport data, this box can withstand up to 300 Nm of torque. Gear ratio in first gear - 3.67. In second and third - 2 and 1.41, respectively. The fourth speed, as it should be for all gearboxes, is direct (the number is equal to one). In fifth gear, this value is 0.74. There is ATP fluid inside the gearbox. The filling volume is 9.2 liters.

Transmission modifications

The base model of this automatic transmission is 5HP19. This gearbox is designed for rear-wheel drive vehicles. Most of them are BMW cars. The 5HP19 automatic transmission with the FL index is intended for front-wheel drive vehicles of the Volkswagen and Audi brands. The FLA box is used for all-wheel drive vehicles with a six-cylinder V-engine. There is another version - HL (A). It is installed only on the Porsche Carrera car.

Design and principle of operation

Conditionally automatic transmission DES 5HP19 consists of such units and mechanisms as:

• torque converter;
• planetary gear with gears and manual gearbox;
• hydroblock;
• pump;
• cooling system.

One of the main elements is precisely the torque converter. What is it for? The torque converter is used to change and transmit torque from the internal combustion engineto a manual gearbox. GTP also serves to reduce vibrations and other fluctuations. In other words, it is a kind of damper in the operation of the automatic transmission. This element is placed in a special case, for the shape of which it is often called a bagel. The torque converter includes several wheels:

• reactor;
• turbine;
• pumping.

Also includes two clutches - blocking and freewheeling. The pump wheel is connected to the crankshaft of the motor, and the turbine wheel is connected to a manual gearbox. Between them there is a reactor wheel. All three elements have blades of a certain shape through which ATP fluid flows.

It works very simply. The fluid flow from the pump wheel is transferred to the turbine wheel, and then to the reactor wheel. Due to the special design of the blades, the liquid makes the turbines rotate faster. Thus, the torque smoothly passes to the box. When the speed is sufficient, the lockup clutch is activated. So, the shaft and the turbine rotate at a uniform speed. The work of the GTP is carried out in a closed cycle.

As the crankshaft speed increases, the angular velocity of the turbine and pump wheels equalizes. The fluid flow changes its direction of movement. It must be said that the lock-up clutch works in all gears when the speed of rotation of the wheels is leveled. Also on the gearbox there is a mode that prevents the complete blocking of the torque converter. This is facilitated by a slipper clutch. This mode allows not only to provide comfort duringgear shifting, but also reduce fuel consumption.

The mechanical box as part of the automatic transmission is designed for stepwise torque correction. It also provides reverse gear. The 5HP19 automatic transmission uses a planetary gearbox in the amount of two pieces. They are connected in series to work together. The number of steps is five. The gearbox itself includes several planetary gears, which form a planetary gear set. This includes items such as:

• crown and sun gear;
• carrier;
• satellites.

Under the condition of blocking one or more parts from the planetary gear set, a change in torque is provided. When the ring gear is locked, the gear ratio decreases. The car goes faster, but acceleration is gaining not so sharply. But for speed gain, just the sun gear is used. It is she who reduces the gear ratio. And for reverse, a carrier is used, which changes the direction of movement.

Locking is provided by clutches and friction clutches. The former hold certain parts of the gearbox by connecting to the transmission housing. And the latter block the mechanisms of the planetary gear set among themselves. The clutch is closed by means of hydraulic cylinders. The latter are controlled from the distribution module. And to prevent the carrier from rotating in the other direction, an overrunning clutch is used.

That is, the 5HP19 automatic transmission uses clutches and special clutches as gear shift mechanisms. Principle of operationtransmission is built on the implementation of a specific algorithm for turning off and on clutches and clutches.

About the management system

What does it consist of? Automatic transmission control system includes:

• electronic control unit;
• selector lever;
• distribution module;
• automatic transmission input sensors.

If we talk about the latter, these include sensors:

• ATP liquid temperature;
• speed at the gearbox input;
• gear selector and gas pedal positions.

ECU instantly processes all the signals coming from the sensors and in turn sends a control signal to the devices of the distribution module. The automatic transmission ECU works closely with the engine ECU.

The distribution module is a hydroblock. It activates the friction clutch, controls the flow of ATP fluid and control valves, which are connected by channels and placed in an aluminum housing.

The solenoids in the valve body are used to control gear shifting. Solenoids also regulate fluid pressure in the system. They are controlled by the electronic unit of the box. And the choice of the current mode of operation of the gearbox is carried out by means of spool valves.

A few words about the pump

This element serves to circulate ATP oil in the automatic transmission. On such a box, a gear pump with internal gearing is used. The mechanism is driven by a torque converter hub. It is the pump that determines the pressure and operation of the hydraulic system.

Specifications

Among the features of such a box, reviews note the presence of a special adaptive program that allows the box to adapt to the individual driving pattern. Also, such a transmission has good dynamic performance. At the same time, it has lower fuel consumption than the previous model. And all thanks to the use of two planetary gears.

Mechanical power transmission is provided by a torque converter lock-up clutch. Depending on the current situation, this clutch is switched on or off. It is controlled by a special solenoid valve.

About the scenes

In addition to the fact that the box is able to adapt to the style of driving, it also has the ability to manually shift gears. To do this, just move the backstage from the "Drive" position to the right side. In this case, the panel will display the corresponding information about the enabled manual mode. In total, there are several positions on the selector:

• P is the parking mode of the checkpoint, which is activated when the car stops.
• R - Engage reverse gear.
• N is the neutral position.
• D - "Drive" mode, in which the car can move straight ahead, shifting from first to fifth gear.

Typical diseases

There are several typical diseases due to which errors occur and the 5HP19 automatic transmission is unstable. So, the first problem is connected with the torque converter. The GTP resource is more than 200 thousandkilometers, but after this period it may be necessary to replace the pump with automatic transmission 5HP19 and bushings.

After 150 thousand kilometers, the clutch package wears out significantly. Due to the production, the oil is saturated with an adhesive layer. At the same time, the hydraulic block is clogged. And a worn clutch is not able to catch on, which is why slippage occurs. This entails heating of the torque converter and bushings with the pump seal. As a result, the oil leaves the box. If the level is not monitored in time, a serious repair of the 5HP19 automatic transmission (pump, valve body) may be required.

The next problem is the oil pump cover bushing. It can rotate due to overheating, as well as excessive vibrations. It is worth noting that there is a standard bushing and a repair one. The latter is used if the footprint has already been broken.

The pump cover with gears also becomes unusable. The reason for this is the long-term operation of the automatic transmission with the current oil seal or overheating of the hydraulic transformer. In addition, problems can be caused by the operation of the automatic transmission with a turned bushing. Among other reasons it is worth noting:

• dirty oil;
• its insufficient level;
• the presence of chips and other products in the box.

Also, the owners are faced with the replacement of the separator plate. Remarkably, this problem happens more often on Audi cars than on BMWs.

Friction discs

The friction discs of the first package, which are installed near the pump, are often replaced. But in casemalfunctions, the entire set is replaced. The friction discs themselves are interchangeable for BMW and Audi cars. As noted by the reviews, there are two good clutch manufacturers:

• "Alto";
• Lintex.

Solenoids

The main yellow pressure solenoid often wears out. Because of this, the pressure in the clutch packs increases and the drums begin to break. This solenoid is constantly subjected to loads and therefore more often exhausts its resource. At higher mileages, the other three solenoids change.

Please note: solenoids have many modifications, so the selection of such an element should be carried out according to the number on the automatic transmission plate or the VIN code of the car itself.

Drum caliper

He is on automatic transmission ZF 5HP19 double. The cause of the malfunction is the deformation of the metal. This problem is closely related to the solenoid, due to which the pressure in this element rises. As a result, the drum is deformed, the pressure decreases and the clutches of the box burn.

Consumables

Among those worth noting:

• rubber sealing tubes for automatic transmission valve body 5HP19;
• oil pan gasket (and sometimes the pan itself);
• half shaft seals (left and right), box shank, and oil pump; these items are included in the repair kit ("Overall Kit").

Also note that the consumables include the oil itself. It performs the function of a working fluid, and therefore is constantly subjected to high loads. In order for the box to last for a long time, regular replacement of the ATP fluid is required. According to the regulations, such an operation must be performed every 80 thousand kilometers. In case of extreme operating conditions, this regulation is recommended to be reduced to 60 thousand kilometers.

Which oil should I use? The manufacturer recommends using the original VAG transmission fluid of the G052162A2 series. The filling volume of liquid is 10.5 liters. In this case, the use of analogues from the company "Mobile" or "Esso" is allowed. It is important that the oil meets all tolerances, otherwise the correct operation of the automatic transmission is not guaranteed.

Summing up

So, we found out what the 5HP19 automatic transmission is. In general, this is a fairly reliable box, which, with proper maintenance, has a long resource. Replacing the 5HP19 automatic transmission is required only in the event of a serious breakdown (for example, the planetary gear set). Or the box is changed at high mileage. Otherwise, if it is serviced on time, automatic transmission 5HP19 repair may not be necessary.