Tractor - what is it? Brands and technical characteristics of tractors

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42

Tractor is an indispensable assistant in agriculture, farmland, construction, utilities and many related industries. In a further review, we will consider the most popular models of agricultural machinery in domestic open spaces, their characteristics, as well as models that surprised users with their uniqueness and capabilities.

T-40

The T-40 tractor on wheels is a unit produced at a plant in Lipetsk from 1961 to 1995. This model is currently out of production. The equipment could work with a mower, snow plow, stacker, and also processed crops that require plowing on light soils, in greenhouses, in gardens and plots. The universal design in the T-40 was equipped with various attachments. On farmland and farms, this unit was considered indispensable. Equipped with a trolley and a front loader, the "fortieth" was a unique agricultural machine. The tractor engine was assigned to the traction category 0, 9. The power of its power plant reached fifty “horses”.

Equipment with a mechanical transmission T-40 with reverse made it possible to use the entire set of front and rearspeeds. Such a design, taking into account the possible design features of equipment for aggregation with attachments and trailers manufactured for light type and heavy mechanization of the MTZ-82 type, objectively expanded the functionality of the "magpie" application.

Tractor: MTZ review

More than a hundred models of tractors with various technical nuances are produced at the production facilities of MTZ OJSC. Including: walk-behind tractors, mini-tractors, small-sized units, as well as caterpillar devices.

Among all the variety stands out "Belarus" (tractor). This is a unit that, according to its tech. characteristics are not inferior to foreign analogues, and due to the affordable price and high quality, it is a success not only in the former socialist countries, but also in European countries.

MTZ-82 tractors ("Belarus") inspire pride in the domestic manufacturer, which influenced the well-deserved recognition and respect for this brand everywhere.

Technical properties of T-40

The tractor in question is an aggregate that has the following technical specifications:

• Weight of 2, 595 t.
• Length/width/height (m) – 3, 6/1, 62/2, 1.
• Speed range - 2, 2-26, 6 km/h.
• Presence of slow transmission.
• Ground clearance (clearance) (cm) – 50.
• Adjusting track (m) – 1, 2-1, 8.

The tractor-excavator was equipped with four-stroke diesel engines D-37 and D-144, which were manufactured by a plant from the cityVladimir. Power D-37 - 37 "horses", D-144 - 50 horsepower. The start of the power plant on some models was carried out by means of a MPE (gasoline) or an electric starter.

Later, the D-37M power unit appeared, featuring an inseparable combustion chamber, which guarantees less fuel consumption. The tractor motor consisted of a fuel and air supply system, crank and connecting rod arrangement, a cooling kit, a distribution unit, a starting device and oil wiring.

Equipment

On the left side of the engine there is a deflector, fuel filling, inlet and outlet pipelines. On the right side of the structure there is a starter, a generator, nozzles, a decompressor drive, an oil centrifuge and a generator. The working element of the fan and the generating unit, the hour meter, the hydraulic pump are located in the front plane of the machine. The fuel supply mode is adjusted by a throttle plate installed in front of a special protective mesh for the fan and oil cooler.

When the unit was operating in sub-zero temperatures, it was recommended to deactivate the radiator from the oil system and fix the throttle disc on the studs in front of the fan grid. In case of excessive heating or positive ambient temperature, reverse actions were taken. You can control the thermal regime using the indicators of the installed thermometer.

Features of operation

Although a tractor and agricultural machinery, that is, a hardy machine, it nevertheless requires regular maintenance. Atoperation of most domestic models, it is desirable to observe the following rules:

• Avoid over-stressing a cold, freshly overhauled or new engine that has not been broken in.
• Do not use unit with low oil pressure.
• Avoid running for a long time when the motor is overloaded.
• It is not allowed to operate the engine without the casing of the ventilated device.
• It is dangerous to fill the power plant with unacceptable variations and types of oil.
• It is strongly not recommended to leave the engine idling for a long period.
• Do not operate the machine when the oil temperature in the crankcase is low (less than 55 degrees).
• It is undesirable to operate the motor with a faulty air cleaner or without it.

Compliance with these simple recommendations and conditions specified in the instruction manual will greatly extend the life of the vehicle without compromising quality.

Characteristics of tractors of some series from MTZ

Minitractor 132H, given its excellent technical features, compact dimensions and affordable price, is a good purchase. It is used in summer cottages, weeding and harrowing light soils, hilling lands and other agricultural manipulations. The Belarus mini-tractor is applicable where a PTO drive is required, including when performing public works.

Tractor and agricultural machinery MTZ, thanks to its distinctiveperformance, small size and affordable cost, are the focus of gardeners and specific community communities.

The unit under the index 310 is excellently suited for both work on the backyard territory, and for weeding and hilling work and cultivating farmlands. In addition, this model is in demand in construction and utilities.

Interesting facts

Tractor is not only an agricultural worker, but also a candidate for participation in the motor transport competition in terms of power, dimensions and other indicators. Below is an overview of the largest machine in the world.

The giant tractor is called Big Bud 16V-74.” In translation, it sounds like "a huge larva." Multi-valued digital designations complement the characteristic for a reason. They testify that it is difficult for this tractor on the ground to find equal competitors in size. Many manufacturers tried to create such giants, but no one could achieve such indicators, coupled with aggressive force.

This tractor is a one-of-a-kind unit. It is designed by American billionaire Harmon.

Its dimensions, equipment and power are impressive, but there is little practical use from it, even though the colossus is capable of dragging a plow thirty meters wide with a plowing depth of up to three hundred centimeters. The main problem in the further development of this monster was the difficulty of its transportation.

Rating of the giant tractors of the world

Among"giants" you need to highlight the following models:

1. Special mention should be made of the tractor, which is reviewed below. This is TERRION ATM 7360 (Petersburg Tractor Plant). Its power figures are 360 "horses".
2. Fendt Vario 936. This giant farm tractor has a power unit of up to five hundred horsepower (depending on engine modification). The German company AGCO Corporation produces a masterpiece of mechanization.
3. Massey Ferguson 8690. Another tractor-style monster made in the British Isles. Its power is equivalent to 370 "horses".
4. The next model is the pride of Germany. This is a colossus called Claas Xerion 4500. Its strength is 483 horse units.
5. 535 "horses" are placed in the New Holland T9000, produced in the Netherlands. It is equipped with a 15 liter engine.
6. John Deere Corporation is on the list of leaders in the production of agricultural machinery. Its unique powerful units are John Deere 8345R / 8360R with 360 horsepower and 9R series tractors with 560 horsepower. The equipment of this manufacturer serves more than half of the world's fields and plantations.
7. One of the outstanding agricultural assistants in every sense is the Soviet all-terrain vehicle on T-800 tracks. This is a tractor-excavator, which is listed in the Guinness Book of Records. Its length is 12.4 m, which is three times that of Big Bud. The height of the manipulator is almost 5 m, which is 50 centimeters less than the American counterpart. But in terms of mass, the colossus surpassed everyone (160 tons). The unit is equipped with a gas turbine power plant from BelAZ.

History of Creation

Tractors and agricultural machinery based on them appeared thanks to the invention in 1850 by the Englishman William Howard of the first such unit. The device was a steam structure designed for plowing the land. The idea evolved so much that such plows were widely used in Europe already in the 19th century.

The initial samples had a large mass, which negatively affected the quality of soil treatment. Repairing them was costly and time consuming. After some time, modernized models of tractors appeared, which became lighter and more reliable. After the start of mass production in the USA alone in 1920, more than two hundred thousand units of such equipment were sold.

Crawler-mounted specimens appeared in the United States (1912). Soon the tractor became an indispensable assistant on the agricultural plane. He was entrusted with the bulk of the harvesting work. In the Russian expanses, the first unit with a steam engine was assembled by a descendant of peasants - Fedor Blinov from the Saratov district.