Scheme, characteristics and decoding of manual transmission

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:41

If you have rights, then with a high degree of probability you have come across the concept of manual transmission and know how it stands for. If you are just planning to get the coveted certificate, then this article is for you. From it you will learn the decoding of the manual transmission, the principle of operation of the "mechanics". Check out some tricks to make life easier for a novice driver.

Manual transmission decoding

So how does the abbreviation MKPP stand for? This is a manual transmission. Surely you met her while traveling in private or public transport. Unlike automatic transmissions, the gears in a car with such control are switched manually. A mechanical box is very simple in principle, parts for it are much cheaper than "automated" counterparts. Therefore, the cost of cars with manual transmission is much lower. Mostly on the roads you can find vehicles with this type of box. A mechanical transmission has its own characteristics: while driving, the driver has to deal with the pedalmanual transmission clutch and shift gears frequently. On the one hand, for beginners, this may seem like a rather difficult task. But manual control also has a number of undoubted advantages - this is an independent choice of driving mode. The automatic transmission is unlikely to allow you to sharply press the gas pedal to the floor and overtake the truck in front. And if you still succeed in such a maneuver, it will not pass without a trace for the car. With manual shifting, you have the right to choose the gear you need, the main thing is not to make a mistake and make the right decision.

History of the emergence of manual transmission

For a more complete understanding of the decoding of the manual transmission and the principles of its operation, it is worth referring to the history of the appearance of this mechanism. Initially, the first cars did not have any gears, as in modern transmissions. Torque transmission was transmitted using a chain. The appearance of a mechanical box, we can be grateful to the Benz spouses. Berta, Karl Benz's wife, after her tour in a new car, complained to her husband about too little engine thrust. The owner of the automobile brand decided to rectify the situation and already in 1893 a car was put on sale, on which the torque was transmitted using a two-speed gearbox.

Already soon, the manual transmission turned into a transmission with three gears, and their number began to grow quite quickly. By 1960, five-speed gearboxes were in circulation. Now in cars you can find five- and six-speed gearboxes. You can also meet sevenstep manual transmission, but only on sports cars. Otherwise, the development of "mechanics" seems to have reached its climax. Now all the power of design thought goes into the development of automatic transmissions, which are improving every year.

How does the gearbox work?

The manual transmission scheme is internal parts: shafts and gears, and external control levers: gearbox and clutch. A mechanical transmission comes with either two shafts or three. The shaft itself is the part that is responsible for transmitting torque to the wheels. In any gearbox, the axles of the shafts are parallel, and gears are based on them. Three-shaft manual transmissions are mainly equipped with classic-type cars: for example, different VAZ models. Such boxes consist of:

• Primary (drive) shaft - connected to the clutch;
• Secondary (intermediate) - rotation is transmitted to it from the first shaft;
• Third (slave).

But most modern cars are equipped with a manual transmission with two shafts. In them, the torque is transmitted from the input shaft to the secondary using gears. The first shaft is connected to the engine, and the second transmits torque to the wheels. Two-shaft gearboxes have smaller dimensions and weight. This type of device has a higher efficiency and allows you to develop more power with the same energy consumption.

Working principle

The principle of operation of a manual transmission is to connect the first and second shaft withusing gears. These parts of different diameters allow you to adjust the number of revolutions of the wheels. Simply put, the gearbox changes the number of revolutions, as a result of which it increases or decreases the speed of the drive wheels.

If, however, to explain in a more complex language, then during gear shifting, the clutches are driven by the drive, which are located between the gears of the output shaft. They then approach the necessary gear, in order to then connect their crowns and begin joint rotation. It is impossible to turn on several gears at the same time, since there is a special mechanism inside the gearbox that blocks the simultaneous connection of several clutches.

Shift gears Manual transmission

To effectively drive a car, it is not enough to know the decoding of the manual transmission, you need to understand how the gears change. After all, the life of the machine will depend on how well you study this issue. The gearbox is one of the most frequently failing parts. Switching manual transmission is carried out using a lever, which is located on the right hand of the driver in the center of the cabin. It is located either on the roof of the box, or connected to it through a special extension cord. The second type of lever is the most preferred, as it does not transmit vibration from the engine and is located in a position convenient for the driver.

In order to drive efficiently and for a long time, you need to understand the basic principles of gear shifting:

• Shift into gear only after the clutch pedal iscompletely squeezed out. It is very important to fully press it, otherwise the clutch will wear out very quickly and will need to be replaced.
• You need to move the lever from one position to another smoothly, without sudden movements. In the process, you will feel a slight resistance, because at this moment under the hood of your car there are complex connections of different parts in the gearbox. If shifting from gear to gear is difficult or you hear a grinding sound while shifting, depress the clutch and shift into neutral - most likely you either didn't press enough on the left pedal or there is something wrong with your car.

Manual transmission specifications

Proper shifting provides a number of undeniable advantages: the power and efficiency of the car increases, fuel consumption decreases, and parts remain intact and safe. The ability to select the right gear for a particular situation can make life much easier. For example, if you are driving uphill, in no case should you include third and, especially, fourth gear. Most likely, the car will stall somewhere in the middle of the road. But in first or second gear, you can easily overcome the slope.

Transmission oil level

Many drivers are interested in the oil level in the manual transmission - after all, it is it that is responsible for the lubrication of parts and their durability. You need to check this indicator every 10 thousand kilometers. You can do this either in a car repair shop or on your own. Having driven onto an overpass or viewing hole, it is necessaryinspect the gearbox housing. To check the fluid level, take a short stick or rod and see if there is enough oil in the filler hole. If the liquid has dropped below its edge, take a filling syringe and add gear oil to the desired mark.

Advantages and disadvantages of "mechanics"

Pros of manual transmission:

• "Mechanics" is a cheap and durable part that will last in a car for decades.
• Ease of operation - it is very difficult to break something in a mechanical box. The characteristics of the manual transmission are such that you are unlikely to be able to cause catastrophic damage to the part.
• Fuel consumption in a manual transmission is about 15% less than in an "automatic".
• Manual control is more efficient: the engine picks up speed faster, which means that you can overtake the car in front much faster.
• Possibility to start the car "with a push".
• Small weight and size.

Cons of a manual transmission:

• Difficult to operate for novice drivers. Using the clutch pedal and multiple speeds takes some getting used to, and not everyone can do it.
• In city mode, automatic transmission is often more economical and convenient: the driver does not need to switch gears on and off a hundred times in traffic jams or at traffic lights.
• Incorrect gear selection can adversely affect vehicle life.

Results

Deciphering the abbreviation MKPP is far from the mostdifficult of what the future driver will have to face. But a thorough understanding of the principles of the transmission will help a beginner get comfortable behind the wheel faster. In addition, this can save you from a number of negative consequences, which are usually caused by the inability to handle manual transmission: clutch failure and failure of other car parts.