2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42
The invention of the internal combustion engine - an internal combustion engine - can rightfully be attributed to one of the greatest inventions of mankind. It was he who gave man the strength that the muscles did not possess, and even the human genius was able to adapt this strength to his needs in the most diverse areas of his activity. And this also ensured the accelerated development of many related fields of science and technology, thanks to which the atmospheric engine continued to successfully develop and improve.
To understand the problems facing engine builders, it is necessary to remember how such an engine works. We will consider an ordinary gasoline engine. It sucks air from the atmosphere, which then mixes with gasoline vapor and enters the combustion chamber. When the fuel mixture is burned, the resulting gases expand, resulting in forces that rotate the crankshaft. This is, in very simplified terms, a description of how a naturally aspirated engine works.
Here you need to pay special attentionfor the next moments. Firstly, the fuel does not burn completely, which is confirmed by the presence of unburned particles in the exhaust gases. Secondly, the exhaust gases still have sufficient energy, and we would like to use it. A way out was found - installing a turbine on an atmospheric engine. The approach is very simple: since the fuel does not burn, it means that it does not have enough oxygen, you need to add air to the cylinders, and this can be done with the help of exhaust gases.
What is described above is the principle of operation of a turbocharged engine. The turbine impeller is located in the exhaust gas stream emitted into the atmosphere, it drives the compressor associated with it, which pumps air under pressure into the engine cylinders, providing additional oxygen for more complete combustion of the fuel. Real designs, of course, are much more complicated than those described, but the operation of the pressurization turbine is carried out in this way.
There is another way to provide boost - to use an engine-driven compressor. The disadvantage of this option is the loss of engine power, because. the compressor will take power from the motor for its work. Although such a variant of mechanical pressurization is used in some cases as an additional to the described turbocharging system. It is especially effective at low engine speeds, and then, as the speed increases, it turns off.
Due to the described method of turbocharging,a conventional atmospheric engine with the same parameters acquires additional power and provides increased efficiency, which occurs due to more complete combustion of the fuel. This is one of the easiest options for increasing engine power. It is used on both gasoline and diesel engines. In this case, there is no difference between them.
The performance of a naturally aspirated engine can be improved without major upgrades through the use of a turbocharger. According to available estimates, engine power can be increased by 40% and, in addition, the amount of harmful substances in the exhaust gases will decrease.
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