VAZ-2115, fuses: device, circuit and features

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42

The car's on-board network includes a number of electrical circuits. They ensure the smooth operation of the electrical equipment of the machine. Fuses are used to protect these circuits from overloads due to short circuits and power surges. We will talk about them in this article, taking the VAZ-2115 car as an example.

What is a fuse

A car fuse (fusible link) is a protective element of the electrical circuit of a certain node (s) against overloads. Protection is achieved by breaking the chain. Typically, an insert consists of a plastic case and a low-melting metal thread (conductor) located inside it, as well as contacts. When an overload occurs, the conductor melts and breaks the electrical circuit. The unit, for the safety of which the fuse is responsible, stops working.

Color Features

In VAZ-2115 cars, fuses have different colors corresponding to different values of the rated current. This is a mandatory GOST requirement.

Rated current, A	Fuse case color
2	Gray
4	Pink
5	Orange
7, 5	Brown
10	Red
15	Blue (blue)
20	Yellow
25	White
30	Green

Where are the fuses on the VAZ-2115

Knowing the location of the protection elements is important. Faced with a malfunction of an electrical appliance, some car owners do not know where to even look, although in the "fifteenth" everything is as easy as shelling pears.

In the "Samara" of the second series, to which the VAZ-2115 belongs, the fuses are located in two mounting blocks. The first (main) is located in the engine compartment of the car on the left under the windshield.

It consists of:

• plastic case;
• electric board with connectors;
• security elements.

The housing protects the mounting block of the VAZ-2115 fuses from moisture, dirt and dust. The board has special connectors for each protection element, and is designed to connect them to the machine's on-board circuit. Connection is made through the appropriate wiring harnesses.

The main fuse block VAZ-2115 includes not only fuse links. There are also relays that turn on certain circuits.

An additional compartment is located in the passenger compartment under the glove compartment. It contains protection devices for the main circuits responsible for the operation of the power unit.

Designation of protection devices of the main mounting block

The VAZ-2115 fuse diagram provides special designations for them. This is done for convenience when searching for and replacing a faulty protection element. There are 20 fuses in the main unit. All of them on the diagram are marked with the letter "F" with the corresponding number. Let's figure out which one is responsible for what:

• F1 - Provides rear fog light circuit protection;
• F2 - Protects turn signals;
• F3 - interior lighting;
• F4 - rear window heating circuit protection;
• F5 - radiator fan and signal;
• F6 - power window circuit (if provided);
• F7 - fuse for the VAZ 2115 cigarette lighter and washer motor;
• F8, F9 - front fog lights;
• F10 - dimensions (left side), license plate lighting (front and rear), instrument panel lighting;
• F11 – dimensions (right side);
• F12, F13 - low beam headlights;
• F14, F15 - high beam headlights;
• F16 - dashboard warning lights;
• F17, F18, F19, F20 - backup fuses VAZ 2115 (injector).

Optionalmounting compartment

As already mentioned, in the fifteenth model of the Samar, an additional mounting block is located in the passenger compartment under the instrument panel on the passenger side (under the glove box). There are only three relays and three fuses. You ask why they could not be placed in the main block? For several reasons. The fact is that these devices are responsible for the operation of the main engine systems, namely:

• upper relay and fuse - fuel pump power circuit;
• medium - cooling fan and canister purge valve circuits, as well as speed, crankshaft position and mass air flow sensors;
• lower - electronic control unit and central relay.

Given the importance of these elements, placing them under the hood would not be the best solution. In the cabin, they are protected not only from harmful environmental factors, but also from mechanical damage.

Why do fuses blow

The VAZ-2115 fuses blow out quite often. But there are not so many reasons for this:

• short circuit in the circuit of one or another consumer;
• overload in the on-board network;
• use of electrical appliances whose current consumption does not correspond to the current of the on-board network.

Which fuses blow most often

As for short circuits and overloads, no owner of a domestic car is immune from this. Such problems often occur due tobreakage of wires or malfunction of electrical appliances. It may also be due to the ingress of moisture, dirt, process fluids on the contacts of a device.

Another thing is the additional electrical and electronic equipment that car owners often thoughtlessly use to ensure comfort. These are various navigators, recorders, fans, heaters, audio-video systems, vacuum cleaners and compressors.

All these devices are usually connected to the car's on-board network through the cigarette lighter socket. Accordingly, its fuse blows most often. Subsequently, not only the cigarette lighter, but also the windshield washer does not work, since they have a common protection element.

How to tell if a fuse is bad

When detecting a malfunction of any electrical appliance, it is best to start the diagnosis with the fuse. This is the weakest link in the chain. In addition, it is easiest to check the protective element.

So, if in your "fifteenth", for example, the sound signal stopped working, do not rush to disassemble the steering wheel or the device itself. Raise the hood, find the main mounting block and open it. Next, find the appropriate fuse. For convenience, use the block diagram shown on its cover. With its help, you can not only understand which and where the VAZ-2115 fuse is located, but also find out its designation. In our case, this is F5.

Before checking the desired protective element, it must be removed from the board. For this, the mounting block has a special tweezers. Use it to remove the fuse from its seat and inspect it, as well as the contacts on the board.

Check the fuses using a conventional autotester or multimeter by "ringing" it. A burned out element cannot be restored. It only needs to be replaced with a similar one with the same rated current.

After finishing work, check if the horn, radiator fan is working, and do not forget to close the fuse box cover.

Replacing the mounting block

There are problems with the connectors of the mounting block, as well as with its board itself. It is difficult to identify such faults. A sign of such a problem is the failure of several electrical appliances at once. At the same time, they, and the relays, and the fuses responsible for their performance are in good order.

Repair of connectors is possible only if the reason is the oxidation of their contacts. Damage to the tracks of the board can also be tried to be repaired, but it is easier to replace the faulty block with a new one. Moreover, it is not so expensive - within 2000 rubles.

To replace the mounting block, you only need a 10 socket wrench. The replacement procedure is as follows.

1. Raise the hood, disconnect the "negative" terminal from the battery.
2. Open the cover of the mounting block and unscrew the two nuts that fix its body.
3. Disconnect the nine-pin connector.
4. Remove the block housing together withfee.
5. Disconnect other connectors.
6. Install the new unit in reverse order.

The only problem with installation is that some wire harnesses are very short and require some skill to connect them.

Some useful tips

To ensure that the fuses in your VAZ-2115 last longer, and the failure of any of them does not take you by surprise, use the following tips:

1. At least once a quarter, check the condition of the mounting block, its board and the protection elements installed in it. Keep moisture and dirt away from inside. Take care of its additional protection if necessary.
2. When undergoing maintenance, ask an auto electrician to check the performance of the car's on-board network. If they deviate from the norm, take care of the repair of the machine.
3. Do not overload the car's on-board network. Do not use electrical appliances that draw large currents.
4. In no case do not use homemade "bugs" instead of fuses. This can cause not only a short circuit, but also a fire in the machine.
5. Carry a spare set of fuses with you. It costs 150-200 rubles, takes up almost no space, and can help out at the right time.