2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42
Technical safety of a vehicle is the condition of a vehicle in which the risk of damaging it or causing harm to the person who drives it or to other persons is minimized.
Legal regulation of vehicle safety
To increase traffic safety at the legislative level, a list of malfunctions and conditions under which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited is provided. Legal relations in this area are regulated by the traffic rules of the Russian Federation and Gosstandart No. 51709 of 2001. The SDA contains provisions governing the permit for the admission of technical means, and a list of damage that makes transport unsafe for the driver and others.
In 2011, the Commission of the members of the Customs Union also approved the regulations in the field of safety of produced wheel mechanisms. This regulation supplements the list of shortcomings in which the operation is prohibited.vehicles SDA of Kazakhstan, Belarus and the Russian Federation. The regulation was created for manufacturers and establishes fairly stringent criteria for active and passive precautionary measures for passengers and persons driving vehicles.
Thus, today a lot of attention is paid to behavior on the roads and ensuring a reliable technical condition in the field of traffic safety.
Regulatory operating conditions
The implementation of safety measures is required of all persons participating in the movement and is achieved by following the norms and standards provided for by law.
Regulations on the admission of vehicles to operation allow the use of the vehicle for its intended purpose only under the following conditions:
- mandatory registration of the vehicle in the traffic police and registration, cars from other countries must be registered with the customs authorities;
- presence of registration marks provided by law;
- requirements for the technical component of the vehicle must be brought into line with all rules and regulations in the field of road safety;
- availability of specially equipped seats with belts for passengers in buses serving intercity routes;
- seats must be attached to on-board vehicles without fail;
- special conditions are being put forward for taxis and cars for driving lessons;
- correct technicalbicycles and horse-drawn carts must have condition and correct marking with reflective signals;
- when towing on a flexible hitch, it must be marked, and a rigid hitch must comply with state standards;
- vehicles must be marked with the identification marks established by the Regulations.
Observance of optimal road conditions should be monitored not only by drivers, but also by officials in charge of the roadway or its section. Special requirements are put forward for such service vehicles as road special equipment. The list of malfunctions in which it is forbidden to release the vehicle on the road must also be taken into account by the commanding staff of the enterprises that carry out transportation. Before leaving, it is imperative to carry out a technical inspection of the vehicle and prevent violations of safety rules when releasing it on the road.
Faults in which further operation is unacceptable
The list of malfunctions in which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited contains two categories.
- Faults that appeared along the way, but with which you can continue to move. Such breakdowns must be repaired immediately, when the opportunity arises: at a service center or when you arrive home.
- Breakdowns in which any traffic is excluded, as it can lead to serious consequences.
Faults in which movement to the place of repair is possible
SDARussia's ban on the operation of vehicles introduces damage to the following mechanisms:
- brakes;
- steering system;
- exterior lighting fixtures;
- windshield wipers and washers;
- wheels and tires;
- motor;
- other ingredients.
Brake system
The disadvantage of the brake system is the excess of the braking distance calculated by road research. Its length in meters is set for each mode of transport and must comply with GOST. This calculation also includes steady-state deceleration.
Thus, the braking distance, for example, for cars cannot exceed 12.2 m. For vehicles manufactured earlier than 1981, this figure is increased to 14.5 m., 8 m/s2, and for older models, respectively, not less than 6.1 m/s2.
The list of malfunctions and conditions under which the operation of the brake system is prohibited also includes a violation of the pedal stroke, which indicates a depressurization of the brake actuator, an increase in gaps in the mechanisms and a partial failure of the parking system (when it does not guarantee immobility on an inclined surfaces).
Steering
In a steering system, it is necessary to provide the degree of steering required for the response of the mechanism. So, in a passenger car, such a turn cannot exceedten degrees, in buses and trucks - respectively 20 and 25 degrees.
Operation is excluded in case of changes in the control mechanism, insufficient fixation, displacement of parts and assemblies.
Absence or breakdown of the device that reinforces the steering wheel also excludes the possibility of travel.
Exterior Lights
The list of malfunctions in which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited includes a malfunction of headlights, reflectors and other devices. It is also unacceptable to have mechanisms other than those established by the technical design (this condition does not apply to cars for which spare parts are no longer produced). Light fixtures must not be contaminated or used in unspecified quantities.
Rotating beacons must only be fitted to vehicles as required by law.
Cleaning and washing devices
These items must be fully operational and properly installed. Otherwise, the driver exposes himself and other road users to serious danger, since during precipitation the visibility of the road deteriorates significantly, and at night it is practically zero. If a malfunction is detected during rain or snow, it is recommended to stop the car and wait for the weather conditions to improve.
Washers play a special role when driving on country roads, wet or dusty. Each driver must regularly monitor the level of the washer fluid, since in the event of its absence and movement alongon a swampy road, the glass of the car is very dirty, and the use of wipers to remove plaque only aggravates the situation.
Wheels and tires
The list of malfunctions in which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited obliges car owners to select tires according to the design of the vehicle, paying special attention to the height of the tread pattern, its diameter and bearing capacity.
Do not use split, damaged tires, tires with bare cord.
In addition, it is necessary to correctly install tires, not allowing differences in the tread pattern on the same axle.
As for the wheels, they must be without damage, cracks. Lack of fasteners is not allowed.
Motor
Depressurization and violation of fastening of fuel lines, malfunctions in the operation of combustible fuel intake and gas exhaust systems are unacceptable in a car. GOST sets an upper limit for the content of harmful compounds in gases.
Other ingredients
The list of malfunctions in which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited also includes:
- violation of the sound signal, locks;
- lack of mirrors, mudguards, belts and safety arcs;
- lack of emergency aid, fire extinguisher, warning triangles;
- presence of objects or coverings obstructing the view for the driver.
Sanctions for violation of the above requirements
In the case of driving a vehicle with the above breakdowns, the official has the right to bring you to administrative punishment.
For failure to comply with the requirements of the law, a person driving a vehicle may be fined up to five hundred rubles or limited to a verbal warning.
The official's protocol on the imposition of a fine can be challenged in court, indicating that driving a vehicle with a malfunction that prohibits operation was necessary to reach the place of repair, and damage occurred after leaving the point of departure.
When driving a vehicle on which light or sound devices are installed, flashing beacons of public services, allowed only for a certain type of transport, schemes or signs of government agencies are applied, the driver may be deprived of his rights.
Installing a taxi badge without a license entails a fine of 5,000 rubles.
Faults in which further movement is impossible
SDA contains 5 malfunctions in which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited.
1. Brake system not working properly.
Obviously, if it is impossible to stop the car, there can be no talk of further movement.
If such a violation is detected by an official, the sanctions will be more severe. So, an employee of a government agency can not only impose a fine, but also remove the driver from drivingvehicle and take measures to remove the vehicle that is not working properly from the road by detaining it in the prescribed manner.
2. Steering system problems.
If it is impossible to control the steering device, you must immediately stop driving and, if it is impossible to fix the breakdown on the spot, call a tow truck.
In order to prevent such a malfunction, it is necessary to timely inspect the steering system by professionals, as it is a rather complex mechanism.
3. Drawbar problems.
At the slightest suspicion of a malfunction during towing, you must stop moving. Such a device must comply with state standards, since a detached trailer or other towed device is very dangerous on the road.
4. The list of car malfunctions, in which it is forbidden to operate the vehicle with a ban on further movement, includes the absence of lighting elements or their inability to use due to a breakdown or in the event that the light bulb has burned out.
The trip must be suspended and the car removed from the road during the hours of darkness or poor visibility. If the breakdown occurred in clear weather, movement is not prohibited.
Particularly dangerous is the lack of lighting on the driver's side. If the left headlight is defective, leave the road immediately.
5. Driver's side wiper not working in bad weather.
Movement can be resumed when the weather stabilizes.
Due to the increaseddangers on the roads, it is forbidden to ignore the precautions when operating the vehicle. This may not only lead to government sanctions, but even more serious consequences.
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