2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42
Every year, the requirements for a diesel engine in terms of power, environmental friendliness and economy are only increasing. And only the ideal formation of a combustible mixture can satisfy these requirements. Therefore, the entire injection system must work efficiently, providing the finest spray under high pressure.
Such a system that combines a fuel injector and a pump in one unit is a pump-injector. Similar to the injection pump, the pump injector injects a certain volume of the mixture at the right time. Due to the fact that there is one pump-injector for each of the engine cylinders, there are no injection pump fuel lines in such a system.
The injector device is as follows: diesel injector pumps are located in the cylinder head. To drive them, there are 4 special cams on the camshaft. The force on the pump-injector plungers is transmitted through the rocker arms. Thanks to the special profilethe pump-injector drive cam, the rocker first rises sharply, and then smoothly lowers.
At the moment when there is a sharp rise of the rocker, the plunger is pressed down with great speed. Therefore, high pressure occurs. As the rocker begins to slowly lower, the plunger also begins a slow and steady upward movement. This design allows the fuel to flow into the pressure chamber smoothly without the formation of air bubbles. The time and period of injection is controlled by the pump-injector control solenoid valve. To do this, voltage is applied to it through the electronic control unit. Even with small deviations in the factory settings, when spraying, there is an excessive consumption of fuel, the engine starts to "noise".
Diesel pump nozzle can be of three types: piezoelectric, electromagnetic, electro-hydraulic. With a solenoid valve, the nozzle is installed on both gasoline and diesel engines and has a simple device: a nozzle and a solenoid valve with a spray needle. The electro-hydraulic nozzle is installed only on diesel engines, which most often operate on the Comon Rail system. Piezoelectric is considered the most advanced for diesel engines.
This injector works up to 4 times faster than the electromagnetic one and doses the injected fuel with maximum accuracy.
Repair of injectors should be made when the following are observedsigns: fuel consumption is noticeably increased, failure when you quickly press the gas pedal, fuel leakage or pops in the exhaust system. The idle speed of the car is unstable: the tachometer needle constantly "jumps" for no reason. Checking the injectors, as well as their repair, is carried out on special stands, so it is difficult to repair them on your own: setting the pressure only 10% higher than the nominal one causes engine malfunctions. And even if the operation of the fuel system does not give cause for concern, injector diagnostics is a process that is recommended to be carried out after every 60,000-70,000 km of car run.
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