ZMZ-514 diesel: owner reviews, features of the device and work, photo

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:41

Domestic diesel ZMZ-514, reviews of which we will consider later, is a family of four-cylinder engines with 16 valves and a four-stroke operating mode. The volume of the power unit is 2.24 liters. Initially, the engines were planned to be mounted on cars and commercial vehicles manufactured by GAZ, but they were widely used on UAZ vehicles. Consider its characteristics, features and feedback from the owners.

History of Creation

As the reviews confirm, the ZMZ-514 diesel engine began to be developed in the early 80s of the last century. The designers created a new engine based on the standard carburetor analogue for the Volga. A prototype was constructed in 1984, after which it passed technical and field testing. This modification received a volume of 2.4 liters, the compression level was 20.5 units.

Incorporated aluminum cylinder block, matched alloy pistons with special relief, barrel skirts, clogging indicatoroil filter, preheating plug, jet cooling of the piston group. The specified model did not go into a wide series.

Already in the early 90s, the designers of the Zavolzhsky plant returned to the development of a new generation diesel engine. The main task set before the engineers is to create not just a motor based on a carburetor analogue, but to manufacture a unit that is as unified as possible with the basic prototype.

Features

Given the errors in the initial developments and the desire to guarantee unification to the maximum with a variation of 406.10, the diameter was limited to 86 millimeters on the "engine" ZMZ-514 (diesel). A dry thin-walled sleeve in a cast-iron monolithic block was introduced into the design. At the same time, the dimensions of the bearings, both main and connecting rod, have not changed. As a result, the designers achieved maximum unification in terms of the crankshaft and cylinder block. The presence in the motor of turbine supercharging with air flow cooling was planned from the beginning.

The pilot sample under the index 406.10 was released at the end of 1995. A special small-sized nozzle for this "engine" was made to order at the Yaroslavl plant YAZDA. In addition, they decided to make the cylinder head from aluminum, not cast iron.

Interesting facts

At the end of 1999, an experimental batch of ZMZ-514 diesel engines was produced. UAZ is not the first car on which it appeared. At first, the motors were tested on the Gazelles. Unfortunately, after a year of operation, it turned out that the units are not competitive, difficult toservice.

According to experts, the existing equipment of the plant at that time simply did not have enough technical capabilities to produce a motor with high quality characteristics. In addition, the component parts also caused distrust, since they were supplied from different manufacturers. As a result, serial production was curtailed, in fact, without starting it.

Modernization

Despite the difficulties, the refinement and improvement of the ZMZ-514 diesel continued. Modified the configuration of the BC and cylinder heads, while increasing their rigidity. To ensure a decent seal of the gas seam, a multi-level metal gasket of foreign production was installed. The piston group was brought to mind by the specialists of the German company Mahle. Timing chains, connecting rods and many minor details have also been modified.

As a result, serial production of updated ZMZ-514 diesel engines began. UAZ "Hunter" is the first car on which these engines have been massively installed since 2006. Since 2007, modifications have appeared with elements from Bosch and Common Rail. Upgraded copies consumed ten percent less diesel and showed better throttle response at low speeds.

About the design of the ZMZ-514 diesel engine

"Hunter" received a four-stroke engine with an in-line L-shaped arrangement of cylinders and a piston group. With the upper arrangement of a pair of camshafts, rotation was provided by one crankshaft. The power unit was equipped with a forced closed liquid cooling circuit. Parts were lubricated by a combined method (supplying under pressure and spraying). In the updated engine, four valves were installed on each cylinder, while the air was cooled through the intercooler. The turbine is not ideal, but it is practical and easy to maintain.

“Boshovskie” nozzles are made in a double-spring design, make it possible to provide a preliminary supply of fuel. Among other details:

• fine filter element;
• heater;
• hand pump;
• Guido high pressure fuel line;
• turbine compressor made in the Czech Republic.

Crank assembly

Reviews of the ZMZ-514 diesel indicate that the cylinder block is made of special cast iron in the form of a monolithic structure. The crankcase is lowered below the axis of the crankshaft. The refrigerant has flow ports between the cylinders. Below are five main bearings. The crankcase has nozzles for oil cooling of the pistons.

The cylinder head is cast aluminum alloy. At the top of the cylinder head there is a corresponding mechanism, consisting of drive levers, camshafts, hydraulic bearings, intake and exhaust valves. Also in this part are flanges for connecting the intake pipe and manifold, thermostat, cover, glow plugs, cooling and lubrication elements.

Pistons and liners

Pistons are made of special aluminum alloy, with compartmentcombustion, which is built in the head. The barrel-shaped skirt is equipped with anti-friction coating. Each element has a pair of compression rings and one oil scraper analogue.

The steel connecting rod is made by forging, its cover is processed as an assembly, so it is not allowed to replace them with each other. The damper is mounted on bolts, a sleeve made of a mixture of steel and bronze is pressed into the piston head. The crankshaft is forged steel, has five bearings and eight counterweights. The necks are protected from wear by gas nitriding or HDTV hardening.

Bearing shells are made of an alloy of steel and aluminum, channels and holes are provided on the upper elements, the lower counterparts are smooth, without any recesses. A flywheel is attached to the rear of the crankshaft flange with eight bolts.

Lubrication and Cooling

In reviews of the ZMZ-514 diesel engine at the UAZ Hunter, it is noted that the engine lubrication system is combined and multifunctional. All bearings, drive parts, linkages, tensioners are lubricated under pressure. Other rubbing engine parts are processed by spraying. The pistons are cooled by jet oil. Hydraulic bearings and tensioners are brought into working condition by supplying pressurized oil. A single-section gear pump is mounted between the BC and the filter.

Cooling - liquid closed type with forced circulation. The refrigerant is supplied to the cylinder block, processed in a solid-fill type thermostat. The system has a centrifugal pump with one valve, V-belt,serving to transfer energy from the crankshaft pulley.

Gas distribution

Distribution elements (shafts) are made of low carbon alloy steel. They are immersed stably to a depth of 1.3-1.8 millimeters, and have previously been hardened. The system has a pair of camshafts (designed to drive the intake and exhaust valves). Cams of different profiles are located asymmetrically about their axis. Each shaft is equipped with five bearing journals, rotates in bearings located in an aluminum head. Details are closed with special covers. The camshafts are driven by a two-stage chain drive.

Specifications in numbers

Before we study the reviews of the ZMZ-514 diesel, consider its main technical parameters:

• working volume (l) - 2, 23;
• rated power (hp) - 114;
• speed (rpm) - 3500;
• limit torque (Nm)- 216;
• cylinder diameter (mm) - 87;
• piston travel (mm) - 94;
• compression - 19, 5;
• valve arrangement - a pair of inlet and two outlet elements;
• distance between axes of adjacent cylinders (mm) - 106;
• diameter of connecting rod/main journals (mm) - 56/62;
• engine weight (kg) - 220.

Reviews about the ZMZ-514 engine

Diesel of this series received mixed responses from users. Some owners indicate that after a certain period of operation, there areproblems in terms of wear of the oil pump gear, deformation of the internal hexagon on the vacuum pump. Other consumers believe that with proper maintenance, the specified engine has only one drawback - the lack of specialized centers for the repair and prevention of this series. Given the simplicity of the design, many parts replacement and restoration operations can be performed independently.

Result

Despite the fact that Ulyanovsk-made SUVs with ZMZ-514 diesel engines proved to be better in terms of driving characteristics than their gasoline "colleagues", they are not in special demand. This is due to the rise in the cost of cars - not every compatriot wants to overpay about 100 thousand rubles. In addition, the reputation of the family of power units in question cannot be called impeccable in terms of reliability and durability.