"Magirus-Deutz": description, specifications. Magirus-Deutz 232 D 19 at the construction site of BAM

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:41

The Magirus-Deutz truck is designed to work in difficult climatic regions with problematic road surfaces. In 1975-76, the delivery of these modifications was organized for operation at the construction of the BAM and other "northern" construction sites. Compared to domestic counterparts, they had higher dynamics, improved operational and economic parameters, were distinguished by increased comfort and ease of control. Consider the features and characteristics of this transport. This truck was produced by the German company Magirus-Deutz.

History of development and creation

Initially, the company, founded in 1866 by Konrad Magirus, specialized in the manufacture of inventory and equipment for fire departments. The production of original automobile chassis and motors for dump trucks and flatbed trucks "Magirus-Deutz" with a carrying capacity of three tons was mastered in 1917.

In the early seventies, the company's position deteriorated significantly, which was due to growing competition,financial investments for the construction of new facilities in Ulm, the need to invest in the design of medium-duty models. In connection with these circumstances, Magirus-Deutz was placed in a separate category, and at the beginning of 1975 was transferred under the patronage of Iveco.

In parallel, between representatives of the German corporation and the Soviet Autoexport, the Delta project was developed and signed, according to which, in 1955-57, modifications of the Magirus 232 D-19 and Magirus 290 D-26 in total 9.5 thousand copies. This largest deal put the manufacturer in second place among German heavy truck manufacturers.

Supplies to the Soviet Union

By the beginning of the 70s of the last century, most foreign automobile manufacturers reoriented to the production of cabover trucks. Magirus-Deutz also had similar modifications in its lineup, however, it continued to produce versions with a protective front zone at the request of customers. A striking representative of the updated truck is a series of construction vehicles with a classic engine placement - in front of the driver's cab. Similar analogues were exported to the USSR.

Magirus 290 D-26 and Magirus Deutz 232 D-19 flatbed trucks and dump trucks were the main options supplied. The range also includes the following varieties:

• Concrete mixers.
• Auto repair vans.
• Refuellers.
• Special versions.

Machines supplied bycontract in the USSR, were painted orange, mobile workshops had a bright red color.

Magirus-Deutz 290 specifications

The following are the main performance characteristics of the car in question:

• Length/width/height - 7, 1/2, 49/3, 1 m.
• Road clearance - 32 cm.
• Wheel base – 4.6 m.
• Front/rear track – 1, 96/1, 8 m.
• Weight - 5, 12 kg.
• Payment capacity - 24 t.
• The wheel formula is 6x4.
• Engine type - 320 or 380 horsepower four-stroke, diesel, V-twin engine.
• Fuel injection - direct.
• Cooling - atmospheric type.
• Gearbox - a node with 16 modes.

Cab

For work in the north, the bonnet-type cabs of the Magirus were unified among themselves, including engine compartments, frontal cladding, fenders on the front wheels. The design is an all-metal element with thermal and noise insulation, panoramic three-layer windshields, ergonomic adjustable seats for drivers. Capacity - three people.

On the frame, the assembly was fixed with a pair of brackets and rubber elements, as well as a rear cushion in the central part of the support arc, connected perpendicularly to the spars. In addition, the smooth rolling of the cab when driving on a bumpy road was provided by hydraulic shock absorbers installed on each side.

On the edges of the frontthe wheels of the trucks were equipped with a protective coating of rubber, the fenders were provided with round lamp direction indicators and spring gauges visible from the driver's seat. "Magirus" at the construction of BAM were additionally equipped with two spherical headlights on the top of the bumper. All light elements were protected by special gratings. Another difference is the presence of a pair of vertical air intakes along the front corners of the cabin, which is due to the operation of machines outside paved roads.

Steering

This Magirus-Deutz unit is equipped with a hydraulic booster. In addition to the specified part, the steering includes in its design:

• Column with shaft and wheel.
• Reservoir for working fluid.
• Amplifier piping.
• Screw-nut.
• Fry.
• Steering longitudinal and transverse rods.

Mechanism can be adjusted in height and tilt.

The hydraulic "assistant" took on up to 80 percent of the force transmitted to the steering assembly. The pump is mounted in the rear part, rotates from interaction with the drive gear of the fuel analogue. The oil pumping volume was 12 liters per minute.

The column was connected to the common mechanism using a pair of cardan joints. Carter simultaneously played the role of a cylinder and hydraulic booster. It housed several valves to help control the amplifier. From the steering wheel to the trunnion levers of the rotary type, the force was transformed by means of a bipod and rods. The longitudinal element wasa hollow rod with end ball joints, a transverse analog is the same design connecting the pivot pins of the right and left wheels.

Transmission unit

Informative gearbox Magirus Deutz 232 D-19 is fixed with a single-disk friction dry clutch. Aggregation is carried out directly with the power unit, constituting a single unit on the frame, located under the driver's cab. Gearbox includes:

• Main, driven and intermediate shaft.
• Gears with bearings.
• Crankcase cover.
• Shift mechanism.
• Carter.

The trucks in question are equipped with an open cardan drive. It is mounted in such a way as to ensure the minimum value of the angles in the universal joints during the ride and the uniform transmission of torque.

The bridges of the car are a hollow beam of a one-piece configuration, which includes a crankcase and casings of the axle shafts. The last element includes a pair of bevel gears, main gear, differential, planetary gears.

Locking the interaxle force distributor prevents slipping of one of the axles. The element is controlled by pneumatics. The system is activated when the left or right drive wheels slip by pulling the corresponding button in the cab.

Brake system

The Magirus-Deutz truck was equipped with three brake units:

1. The main option for everythingwheels.
2. Parking counterpart on drive axles.
3. Auxiliary brake located in the exhaust system.

Pneumatic drive includes four autonomous circuits: front, rear wheels, trailer, auxiliary unit. The working pressure indicator is 8 kgf/cm², the minimum setting is 4.5 kgf/cm^2.

The brake system of the vehicle in question is a drum mechanism with a pair of internal double-acting shoes activated by means of wedge expanders.

The parking analogue is controlled by a special crane located in the cab, to the right of the driver's seat. In addition, the design includes brake chambers and spring energy accumulators.

The operation of the auxiliary compression brake is based on the use of energy from the exhaust gases. With the help of throttle valves, back pressure is created, which acts on the cylinders, blocking the passage sockets. The system is switched on by means of a pneumatic valve installed on the cabin floor under the rudder column. This element prevents the vehicle from skidding and overturning.

Rama

The frame parts of a German truck are made by stamping, riveted or welded together. The following units are mounted on brackets bolted to the frame:

• Motor.
• Clutch assembly.
• Gearbox.
• Subframe orbody.
• Cabin.
• Suspension elements.
• Controls and a number of other details.

A buffer is fixed on the spars in front, and a towing mechanism is fixed on the rear cross member. Dump trucks "Magirus-Deutz" have a device for short-term towing, which does not provide the ability to dampen dynamic effects. The onboard analog is equipped with two-way shock absorption for long hauling of trailers.

Pendant

The front assembly is a pair of longitudinal springs with two deflection limiters on each element. In addition, the design includes double-acting hydraulic shock absorbers. The spring consists of a dozen sheets, combined with a center bolt and four clamps.

The front end is fixed on a static bracket, the rear end is fixed on a swing earring. By means of stepladders, the front axle beam is rigidly fixed to the springs. The rear suspension of a two-axle dump truck is a pair of longitudinal semi-elliptical springs. Mounting type - central bolt and two clamps. Also included in the knot design:

• Balance shaft.
• Jet rods.
• Vertical travel stops.
• Crankcases.

Front axle

This node is a steel beam in the form of an I-beam with a curve. This configuration allows you to underestimate the placement of the engine, which is connected at the edges to the platforms for fixing the front springs. The beam interacts with the hubs and brake drums through the pivots and stub axles.

Steeringcontrol has transformed the effort to the left element with the help of a lever aggregated with a longitudinal steering rod. The right trunnion is connected through the left transverse link. The maximum angle of rotation of the front wheels is 42 degrees, limited by a pair of protrusions on the bridge beam.

Tires and wheels

For work in the north, Magirus trucks were equipped with disc wheels with removable side rings. In front they are single-sided, in the back they are double-sided. The car was equipped with Continental chamber radial tires with a universal tread pattern. The wheels are interchangeable with each other, fixed on the hubs with ten lock nuts. To reduce tire wear and improve handling, the elements were balanced by weights mounted on the rim. The recommended pressure in the front/rear tires is 6.5/6.0 kgf/cm². Deviation from the standard - no more than 0.2 kgf/cm^2.

Working platforms

Magirus Deutz supplied trucks with flatbed or dump platforms to the Soviet Union. The first modifications were made of wood, had a base of two layers, and were attached directly to the car frame. The tailgate and side counterparts were opened. The internal dimensions of the platforms are 4300/2300/100 or 4600/2400/1000 mm.

Dump trucks were used for quarrying and transportation of bulk materials with the ability to quickly unload. The working part of such platforms consisted of three main elements:

1. Body.
2. Lift with hydraulics.
3. Oil tank andmore details.

Unloading was carried out to the rear, the subframe was fixed on the frame, providing its reinforcement, and also as a basis for attaching related units, including an oil tank and a lift.

Dump trucks were equipped with Kagel-type bodies. The 14-ton models had a platform without a tailgate, the lifting angle was 60 degrees, and the height of the body was about seven meters. The hydraulic system of the lifting mechanism contained 48 liters of working fluid.

Modifications of the Magirus 232 D-19 K were equipped with two body variations: a career model with a volume of 7.2 cubic meters, as well as an analogue with a tailgate with a capacity of eight cubic meters. The exhaust system on such machines is designed so that the exhaust gases exit through slots in the stiffeners. This configuration prevented wet bulk cargo from freezing to the bottom of the platform in severe frosts.

Power Plants

The first diesel engine of a German truck with an atmospheric type of cooling was designed by the company's engineers back in 1943 by order of the Wehrmacht. The engine was developed on the basis of the analogue F-4M-513. By design, the unit is a four-row diesel engine. Customer requirements - reliable operation in the temperature range from -40 to +60 degrees Celsius.

Since 1944, an updated F-4L-514 diesel power plant has been produced. Among the innovative implementations are vortex chambers. This design made it possible to reduce fuel consumption and thermal load on the cylinder block andpistons. At the same time, the cold start of the engine has improved.

Since 1948, air-cooled engines have been used on almost all Magirus, which has become a kind of company trademark. Only two percent of the total number of trucks produced were equipped with a liquid "shirt".

Since 1968, the production of power units of the FL-413 type, mounted on Magiruses, which were supplied to BAM, started at the new engine plant in Ulm.

Benefits

The main advantages of the machine in question are related to the original engine design, namely:

• Effective cleaning of fuel, air mixture and oil.
• High compression ratio.
• Optimal combination of sufficient power and economical fuel consumption.
• Uninterrupted operation of motors at low temperatures, compared to analogues of liquid cooling type.
• Reducing the percentage of malfunctions associated with the tightness of assemblies and connections.
• Quick start without lengthy preheating.
• Increased value of the average temperature of the working cylinders, which helped to reduce the formation of deposits.
• The reduced mass of the motor had a positive effect on its warm-up rate and prevented excessive wear of the crank mechanism.
• Good maintainability due to interchangeability of cylinders and their heads.

Reviews about Magirus-Deutz

Compared to Soviet carsproduction, the cars we are considering, according to the drivers, had the best dynamic parameters, good operational and economic characteristics. In addition, German trucks were distinguished by a high level of comfort, ease of operation, and reliability, regardless of climatic conditions. Among the design features, users highlight powerful atmospheric-cooled diesel engines, a six-speed transmission, efficient heating and ventilation systems, and a well-thought-out brake assembly. Most of the components and assemblies of the German flatbed and dump trucks "Magirus-Deutz" differed from their Soviet counterparts in a complicated device and principle of operation.