2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42
The exhaust manifold is one of the parts of the attachment of the engine (or internal combustion engine), designed to collect exhaust gases into one pipe from several cylinders.
The structure of the exhaust manifoldThe exhaust manifold is made as usually cast iron. On the one hand, it is attached to the catalyst (or to the exhaust pipe), on the other hand, directly to the internal combustion engine. Due to the peculiarity of the location, the collector works in extreme conditions. During the operation of the internal combustion engine, the exhaust gases are heated to a temperature of several thousand degrees. After the engine is turned off, they cool down quite quickly, which inevitably leads to the formation of condensate. As a result, rust quickly appears on the collector.
What functions does the exhaust manifold perform:
- removal of exhaust gases from the combustion chamber;
- filling and blowing the combustion chamber. This is provided by resonant exhaust waves. When the intake valve opens, the pressure in the manifold is within normal limits, and the working mixture in the combustion chamber is under pressure. After the exhaust valve has opened, a wave forms due to the large pressure difference. It is reflected from the nearest obstacle (in conventional cars, thiscatalyst or resonator) and returns to the cylinder. Then, in the middle speed range, this wave approaches the cylinder at the beginning of the exhaust stroke, thereby helping the next portion of exhaust gases to leave the cylinder. Resonance (standing waves) appear in the ICE pipe at a fairly wide speed range. In this case, the wave propagates at the speed of exit from the cylinder, and not at the speed of sound. For this reason, the higher the engine speed, the faster the gases exit, the sooner the wave returns and moves in time for a shorter cycle.
To create favorable and uniform working conditions for each cylinder, it is necessary that each cylinder has a personal exhaust pipe (to form standing waves and separate cylinders).
To prevent burns and improve fire safety, the exhaust manifold, usually enclosed with a metal shield.
Solid or tubular manifoldsTubular manifolds can greatly improve the power of an internal combustion engine, but they are not always the best choice for a boosted engine. Although it is these manifolds that are more efficient in the medium speed ranges. However, if the motor is running at low speeds, then cast iron (one-piece) manifolds can give good performance. They are more compact and less prone to leaks.
Autotuning and sports
In the field of autotuning and motorsport, the exhaust manifold is important. "Spider" - this is the name he received for his appearance. Sometimes there is no exhaust manifold on racing cars - each cylinder has its own exhaust pipe without a silencer and a catalyst, of a certain length. For auto-tuning, many models of manifolds with different characteristics are now being produced, which significantly affect the operation of the engine. It is also possible to make your own exhaust manifold. Almost all of these parts are made of ceramic or stainless steel. The ceramic exhaust manifold is lighter, but with strong heat, cracks can appear on it, which will negatively affect the operation of the internal combustion engine.
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