ZMZ-513: specifications, photos and reviews

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42

Zavolzhsky motor plant began its activity in the first half of the 20th century. As a result of sales in 1950, it became clear that there was practically no demand. The motors did not meet modern requirements for installation on heavy wheeled and tracked vehicles. The management of the plant decided to develop a line of engines for the automotive industry. It was a real breakthrough. After all, it was then that V-shaped cylinders appeared for the first time in the world. Let's look at the main design features of the ZMZ-513, engine specifications, advantages and disadvantages.

General information

After the creation of a V-shaped engine at the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant, orders poured in. This is not surprising, because the motors could boast of excellent technical and power characteristics. The 195 horsepower engine was paired with a 3-speed automatic. AtThis power unit could consume both diesel and gasoline fuel, which was very convenient.

Thus, we can say that the ZMZ-513 engines have become popular favorites. This is one of the most popular and sought-after domestic motors, which are even currently installed on various heavy equipment. Let's take a closer look at the 513 model, which was considered one of the most successful of its time.

Design features ZMZ-513

For some industries there are special requirements for vehicle cross-country ability. It was in this case that the ZMZ-513 model was installed. This motor was installed on cars such as GAZ-53, 66, 3307, etc. Therefore, this model was suitable for vehicles with an average load capacity. It is worth paying attention to the fact that the 513th was not ideal. He had one rather significant drawback, which caused a lot of trouble during operation. The fact is that the design provided for a single-tier unconfigured intake manifold. Such an engineering solution led to the formation of flow pulsations during the operation of the power unit. This, in turn, had a negative impact on the quality of the air-fuel mixture.

Specifications ZMZ-513

The first thing the designers did was to make a specially shaped pallet and shield it with electrical equipment. This made it possible to use the motor in difficult operating conditions. Most often, ZMZ-513 was used on military equipment,agricultural vehicles and small trucks.

As noted above, the design of this engine is quite simple, but extremely reliable. This V8, with a volume of 4.25 liters, produces about 97 kW at 3,400 rpm, which is quite a lot. For those times, it was a very powerful unit - 125 hp. With. Of course, modern internal combustion engines have gone far ahead. Now 300 horses and more are squeezed out of 1.5 volumes. The compression ratio is 8.5, which can be called standard, but the oil consumption here is impressive. If you recalculate as a percentage of gasoline, you get about 0.5 units. Despite the fact that this motor was one of the last produced in the Soviet Union, it is still popular today.

Design flaws in the motor

As noted above, this is an extremely reliable power unit, which is designed for use in extreme conditions. But it also has its drawbacks, which often appear at the most inopportune moment. For example, if the car is tilted, it will be difficult to start the engine. You have to constantly gas up. On a flat surface there is no such problem. Starting on a cold one is another task. If the starter grabs and the internal combustion engine starts, then after a couple of seconds it stalls. Idle operation under such conditions is extremely unstable. It is not recommended to apply engine braking as this will cause popping in the exhaust pipe and increase fuel consumption.

Very often the cause of this malfunction on the ZMZ-511/513 motors lies in the spider. His overlay skipsair. There is only one recommendation - for a replacement. Usually after that, all problems disappear, and the power unit starts to work like clockwork.

Reliability in simplicity

There are only a few ways to achieve a high degree of reliability:

• use good quality parts;
• simplify motor design as much as possible;
• improve build quality.

What happened in the Soviet Union? The main parts were of fairly high quality. But the fit suffered greatly. Soviet engineers tried to do everything with the highest quality so that the motor would work out without any problems.

An aluminum alloy block was used as the basis for the motor. Since the engine is V-shaped, it has two cylinder heads with a camber of 90 degrees. The design provides for only one camshaft. Immediately between the heads, the designers placed the intake manifold. It also installed a carburetor, filter and some other auxiliary systems. There is an oil pump in the rear of the ZMZ, and a water pump in the front. The generator and pump are driven by a V-belt drive from the crankshaft.

Crankshaft and piston

High-strength cast iron was used as the basis for the crankshaft, which was additionally alloyed with magnesium. With the advent of other modifications of the motor, the crankshaft journals were hardened. The connecting rod journals are 60 mm in diameter, and the main ones are 70 mm. Accordingly, what was in the designthere are two oil seals: one in front, the second behind the crankshaft. The first was made of rubber, self-clamping type, the second was made of asbestos cord.

ZMZ-513 pistons were cast from aluminum alloy. They are quite simple in design, have a flat bottom. The piston diameter is 92 mm, 5 repair sizes are also provided. Therefore, this motor can be capitalized many times. There are three corresponding grooves on the piston: two for compression rings, one for oil scraper.

Fuel and lubrication system

On the first models of this line of engines, K-126 carburetors were installed, which were later replaced by K-135 due to low efficiency. Many car owners upgrade the engine by installing a more economical fuel supply system. Two-chamber carburetors were used, since fuel was supplied to each row of cylinders from a separate chamber. In the immediate vicinity was a fine filter.

One- or two-section gear-type oil pump is installed on the engine block. Not the most reliable option, but quite productive and maintainable. The pump was driven from the camshaft, and an appropriate oil receiver was used to take oil from the sump. As for the filtration of engine lubricant. Then for the entire period of operation of this motor, a variety of filters were used. First they installed a centrifugal filter, then a full-flow one, and now they use a replaceable filterelement, which is extremely convenient and beneficial. It is noteworthy that this engine had a very effective oil starvation protection system. If the pump stopped, then the pin on its drive was cut off, respectively, the entire internal combustion engine stopped and at the same time remained intact.

Reviews from motorists and experts

As for the reviews of experienced drivers, many people respond positively about this motor. In particular, they note the unpretentiousness of this internal combustion engine and its rather high resource with proper operation and proper care. ZMZ-513 was forced many times for use on military equipment. The compression ratio was changed to run on low octane fuel. All this speaks of the great potential of the Soviet V-shaped eight.

Many drivers note that this motor is not without flaws. But it is extremely maintainable. So with all the necessary tools, the problem could be solved in the field on the knee. With modern engines, where electronics is responsible for everything, this approach does not work. In general, the 13th is loved by drivers and many even today use it due to the low cost of maintenance.

A little more about the design

Today, an injector is installed very often. ZMZ-513 with such a fuel supply system becomes more economical and stable. If the carburetor at a high temperature overboard led to gasoline boiling and overheating of the fuel system, then the injectors do not have such a problem.

Since the original resource was different andlarge, although more than sufficient for those times, many motorists reworked the motor. To do this, they took spare parts from the same ZMZ, only of a later modification. In terms of costs, such interventions can be assessed as a full-fledged overhaul, but the ICE resource increased by about 35%. Therefore, the money spent was returned quickly enough.

Proper and careful operation

Any engine needs periodic scheduled and overhaul. But if planned technical work must be performed every 20 thousand kilometers, depending on the power unit, then when the time comes for the capital, it depends only on the driver. To maximize the life of the motor, it is recommended:

• change the oil in the system in time and control its level;
• periodically inspect the cooling system to prevent overheating;
• try to operate the 513th in a sparing mode.

All this will help to extend the life of the motor somewhat. Of course, design flaws and possible factory defects should not be ruled out. All this occurs, but most often the 13th fails precisely because of the lack of proper maintenance. Changing the fuel, oil and air filter is actually not that difficult. But at the same time, such a simple action will increase the dynamics and reduce fuel consumption.

Conclusion

Even today they often put ZMZ-513 on UAZ. After all, it has a fairly small size and a minimum amount of electronics. The almost complete absencethe latter makes it simple and understandable to maintain even for a novice minder. This motor deserves high praise among many domestic experts. After all, it is not in vain that even today they produce internal combustion engines, which have changed slightly. This at least speaks of great potential. After all, no one will develop a project that is obviously a failure.

At the same time, it is necessary to understand that often the quality of domestic components, and even such parts as pistons, blocks, and more, leaves much to be desired. Therefore, some spare parts are purchased from foreign manufacturers. This further improves the build quality and reliability of the motor. The use of modern automated equipment also plays a big role.

In general, the ZMZ-513 engine, the characteristics of which we have examined, is worthy of attention. If you operate this power unit correctly, do not exceed the permissible loads, observe the scheduled maintenance periods, then it will serve faithfully for a very long time. If the moment comes when a major overhaul is needed, then there is nothing wrong with that. The cost of spare parts in this case is unlikely to exceed 15 thousand rubles.