YaAZ-210 car: photo

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42

This legendary truck, developed in Yaroslavl, the three-axle YAZ-210, was the first to be put into production. The car is unique in that it was designed for a carrying capacity of more than ten tons. Let's get acquainted with this legend of the Soviet automotive industry.

Bogatyr from Yaroslavl

The automobile plant in Yaroslavl produced trucks with maximum load capacity even before the war. So, in 1925, YaAZ launched the production of cars designed for 3 tons. In 1931, the plant produced a three-axle car with the YaG-10 index for 8 tons. 6, designed to transport 5 tons of cargo.

There is nothing surprising in the fact that the creation of the next generation of heavy trucks was entrusted to the staff of the YaAZ plant. But the work, as soon as they began, had to be abruptly completed - Germany went to war with the USSR. However, development was resumed already in 43. At the same time, the American analogue, the two-stroke GMC-71, was taken as a model for the diesel unit. The fact is that the equipment for the assembly and manufacture of this motor at the end of the Second World War was purchased in America.

The first model in the new familyheavy trucks became YaAZ-200, the maximum capacity of which was 7 tons. It was a car with two axles and a 110 hp 4-cylinder diesel engine. with a working volume of 4.6 liters. The truck was released as a prototype at the end of '44. At the same time, a logo was installed on the hood - a chrome bear. This is a historical symbol of the city of Yaroslavl. The truck was launched into the series in 47. The machine was regularly produced for five years. Then they began to produce this model at the Minsk Automobile Plant - production began in 48. And by the 51st, 25 thousand copies were released.

210th and modifications

Since one place appeared on YaAZ, the general decision was to start producing three-axle trucks YaAZ-210. Work on the release was planned to begin on the basis of what was already available. These are units from the 200th model. The 210th differed from its predecessor by a doubled maximum weight and carrying capacity. The first prototypes were published at the end of 48. The first flatbed truck was built in the experimental workshop of the plant. It could carry loads with a total weight of up to 12 tons on asph alt. The car could transport 10 tons on dirt roads. At the same time, a version with the index "A" was shown - the configuration included a winch capable of pulling a mass of up to 15 tons. Other modifications were also built. These are ballast and truck tractors 210-G and YaAZ 210-D. These machines are capable of towing trailers with a total weight of up to 54 tons. A year later, a dump truck, 210-E, was also added to this series.

Features of truck tractors

Truck tractororiginally designed to work with heavy trailers. The car was equipped with a fifth wheel mechanism, as well as a compressor for supplying air to the air lines of the brake system on the trailer.

These machines worked as a towing vehicle for refueling tanks TZ-16 passenger aircraft TU-104. In addition, they were used to tow D-375 asph alt distributors. These trailers poured tar over the seams during the construction of roads. The design of the truck was extremely simple. Then no one thought about the shapes and smoothness of the lines.

The country needs the simplest possible working machine. And with these goals, YAZ coped with a bang. By the way, in profile, the design of the truck tractor resembles the first Kremenchug KrAZ trucks.

210th and its role in the USSR fleet

The creation of these three-axle trucks greatly influenced the efficiency of the entire transport industry of a large country for the better. Until that time, due to the small capacity of the fleet, it was simply impossible to effectively resolve the issues that confronted the USSR. The YaAZ-210 car significantly helped in the development of Soviet industry.

Also, many special vehicles were created based on the 210th for work in the oil industry. Here you can find mixing plants, well repair machines, tank trucks, well acidizing plants, compressor units and much more.

The appearance of the three-axle 210th

It would be wrong to say that the three-axle truck was obtained from the 200th model using thea simple extension of the spars, the installation of a transfer case and the addition of another pair of drive wheels and an axle. The unification was very high between the base models. In the design of cars, engineers used the same cabs, hoods, fenders and bumpers. Even the design of the front axle, suspension, gearbox, steering and braking system - everything was completely identical. Even more - on a three-axle, it was decided to give the torque from the power unit to each drive axle using a separate cardan shaft. The gear ratios of the main gears on the bridges were kept by the engineers. And the total number in the transmission system was changed through the use of a transfer case gearbox. By the way, the latter was two-stage.

After design revision

But more axles required a revision of the entire design. You need to start with the fact that the YaAZ-210 was equipped not only with a unified four-cylinder power unit, but also with a 6-cylinder diesel engine with a volume of 6.97 liters. At the same time, for dump trucks and trucks, this engine produced 168 hp, and for truck and ballast tractors, the unit was boosted, thanks to which it produced up to 215 horsepower. The maximum speed of a truck is 55 kilometers per hour. For those years, these were good specifications.

The clutch system has remained the same single-disk. But its diameter was increased by 3 centimeters. A synchronizer appeared in the design of the demultiplier. He made it easier to switch on the move. For cardan shafts, engineers increased the distance between the centers of the bearings. The length of the needles also increased. The surface of the radiator has also grown - for example, the effective cooling surface has been increased by 15 percent. Silencer pipe diameter increased by 20.

All YaAZ-210 modifications, except for the dump truck, were equipped with two fuel tanks. Their total capacity was 450 liters. The average fuel consumption of cars in this series was 55 liters per hundred kilometers (no one was worried about efficiency at that time). The tank was enough to provide a range of a car of 800 km. Fuel consumption per ton-kilometer was even 8 percent less than that of the 200th model.

Dump truck: the most popular in the series

Among all the models of this family, the YaAZ-210 dump truck has become the most popular and in demand. See his photo in our article. This is not surprising - by the time it appeared, the MAZ-205 was the heaviest car of such a plan, designed for road traffic. It was at the disposal of the industrial sector, construction and mining organizations. Its carrying capacity was only 5 tons. The volume of the body is only 3.6 cubic meters.

Memories of creators

The designer of the Yaroslavl plant, Viktor Osepchugov, once remembered how he went to a construction site - the Volga-Don Canal. There he had to observe how the stone was loaded onto the MAZ-205 using excavators. One bucket of such an excavator had a volume of 3 cubic meters. Excavators carefully lowered their bucket almost to the bottom of the dump truck platform. Then the castleThe bucket was opened very slowly and lifted up so that the stones fell out slowly and gradually. This was also done so that the load did not hit the bottom of the body. Many stones weighed more than one ton. You can watch a good documentary about YAZ-210 E - fans of retro vehicles and trucks will like it.

It was even more difficult to load wet clay onto three-ton trucks. It, unlike stones, was dumped onto the dump truck platform all at once, with its entire mass. The load on the body was simply incredible at the moment when the excavator lifted the bucket of the machine. All this led to the failure of the dump truck suspension. Also, subframes and platforms of MAZs that were not suitable for such operation were broken.

Efficiency booster

When the builders received YaAZ-210 E (dump trucks with a carrying capacity of up to 10 tons and a body of 8 cubic meters), this immediately changed the entire technology of work. Disappeared and breakdowns that were before. This is not to say that they disappeared completely - problems occurred much less frequently. The introduction of these dump trucks with three driving axles made it possible to significantly increase the efficiency of construction, and indeed of all other work that was then carried out in the USSR. Take a look at the YaAZ-210 car. Photo from the personal archive of the developers.

Even if you don't look at the fact that only two buckets fit into the platform of the 210th dump truck, the loading time increases by only a third. Time costs for one flight increase only by 6.5%. This makes it possible to halve the number of drivers, thereby unloading public roads.

Dump truck-trolley and other modifications

About this car, you can also say the following - on its basis in the 52nd year, employees of the Institute of Mining of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR created a dump truck-trolley carrier. In 1956, they began testing the 218th model with a side loading / unloading platform.

Also, on the basis of the 210 model, a diesel-electric truck crane YaAZ-210 K104 was produced. He could lift loads weighing up to 10 tons and was produced at the Kamyshin truck crane plant. This special equipment was widely used in industrial facilities, construction, various warehouses and bases, where it was necessary to perform many cargo handling operations.

End issue

Three-axle dump trucks were produced at the Yaroslavl plant until 1959, and then production moved to Ukrainian Kremenchug. YaAZ was redesigned for the production of power units and engines. Here it is, the legendary heavy truck - the first in the USSR at one time, which helped in construction, industry, mining and other industries that were engaged in a huge country - the Soviet Union.