2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42
The engine management system of a modern car provides a number of sensors that collect information about how well one or another of its components is functioning. Thanks to them, the electronic "brain" of the machine has the ability to make certain adjustments to the operation of the power unit.
One of these information devices is an oxygen sensor (lambda probe). It is installed on all cars that meet environmental standards above Euro-2, including domestic cars.
In this article we will talk about the purpose, functions, design and malfunctions of the lambda probe using the example of the Lada Kalina.
Where does the name come from
In order for a gasoline engine to operate as efficiently as possible with minimal fuel consumption, it needs an ideal (stoichiometric) combustible mixture. The ratio of air to gasoline in it should be 14.7 to 1. The specified amount of oxygen for automakers is usually denoted by the Greek letter "λ" (lambda).
The role of the lambda probe
The oxygen sensor is installed on one of the elements of the systemremoval of exhaust gases. Usually this is a collector or a downpipe. Its sensing element is placed so that it is in constant contact with the exhaust gases.
The task of the probe is to determine the amount of oxygen in the exhaust. He informs the electronic engine control unit about this. The latter, in turn, based on the data of the lambda probe, as well as the mass air flow sensor (MAF), adjusts the amount of fuel supplied to the intake manifold.
But car manufacturers are not so much concerned with making your car consume less fuel, but that it meets the mandatory requirements for environmental friendliness. Without this, the car simply will not leave the assembly line. The oxygen sensor is very important here, because if the engine consumes an ideal fuel mixture, the amount of harmful impurities in the exhaust gases will be minimized.
Where is the oxygen sensor on Kalina
As for the location of the lambda probe, in Kalina it is installed on the exhaust manifold (pants). But there is one nuance here. If your car complies with the Euro-3 environmental class and above, i.e. refers to the latest modifications, it has not one, but two oxygen probes: control and diagnostic.
The first, as mentioned, is located on the exhaust manifold. It performs the functions described above. Where is the other one?
A diagnostic oxygen sensor is installed after the converter. "Kalina" with its help controlsthe first probe, and if it fails, the electronic unit will immediately inform the driver.
How a lambda probe works
Oxygen sensor "Kalina" has a simple design, which is based on two electrodes coated with zirconium dioxide. They are located in the part of the body that fits inside the exhaust system element, and are protected from above by a perforated steel screen. The contacts are connected to the sensor connector through which it is connected to the control unit. The design of the probe is enclosed in a metal case with threads and a wrench skirt at the bottom. Some modifications of modern sensors are additionally equipped with electric heaters. They are necessary for the device to start functioning from the first seconds of starting the engine. Without them, it starts working only after the temperature inside the collector reaches 300-4000С.
The diagnostic probe has the same design as the control oxygen concentration sensor. "Kalina" in this regard wins due to the fact that these devices are interchangeable.
Working principle
The operation of a lambda probe, regardless of its modification and brand (model) of the car, is based on the potential difference between its electrodes. In other words, the electronic control unit determines how much the voltage applied to the oxygen sensor changes. Kalina is no exception. Its probe is capable of capturing voltage fluctuations on contacts in the range of 50-90 mV. A low signal level indicates thatthat the fuel mixture is too lean, i.e. it has a lot of oxygen, and vice versa, the higher the voltage, the richer the mixture entering the cylinders.
As already mentioned, the lambda probe starts working only after warming up to 300-4000C. Prior to this, the electronic control unit does not take into account its readings. In the first minutes of engine operation, the concentration of the fuel mixture is calculated based on data from the mass air flow sensors, coolant temperature, throttle position and crankshaft speed. When the probe warms up to the desired temperature, and this takes 5-7 minutes, the electronic control unit includes its indicators in the general formula for calculating the amount of fuel.
Signs of an oxygen sensor failure
A malfunction of the oxygen sensor for Kalina and its owner can turn into more serious problems. The fact is that without it, the engine operates in emergency mode, and this is fraught not only with increased fuel consumption and violation of environmental standards, but also with the occurrence of such a phenomenon as detonation. To prevent this, it is important to know what signs your Lada Kalina, whose oxygen sensor has failed, can give. Symptoms of a malfunctioning lambda probe can be:
- constantly lit "CHECK" warning light on the dashboard;
- noticeable power loss;
- floating idle;
- increased fuel consumption.
Deciphering possible error codes
More accurate diagnosis of the lambda probe can be carried out using an electronic tester connected to the engine control unit. Having read the errors from it, you can already say for sure whether something else has broken, or just the oxygen sensor. Kalina can report a lambda probe malfunction with the following codes:
- P0130 - the wrong signal is received from the first sensor;
- P0133 - the device gives too little pulse;
- P0134 - the first sensor does not give a signal at all;
- P0135 - the probe heater is faulty (if it is provided by the design);
- P0136 - the second oxygen sensor "Kalina" shorts to ground;
- P0140 - open circuit in the second probe circuit.
Modifications of lambda probes for Kalina
Hurry up to replace the lambda probe if you find it is defective. This, of course, will cost you a lot (about 2,500 rubles), but it’s better not to drive with a broken sensor. Before replacing the device, take an interest in which oxygen sensor in Kalina is installed from the factory. This is the model you should buy for replacement.
The first Kalin models that comply with Euro-2 standards were equipped with Bosch probes (catalog number 0 258 005 133). The same sensors were used for later models as the first probe.
Currently, devices of the same Bosch company are used more often, but already modifications 0 258 006537. They differ from previous sensorsthe presence of a heating element.
Replacing the oxygen sensor on Kalina
In order to replace the lambda probe, it is not necessary to contact the service. If you are sure of its malfunction and have already bought a new device, you can install it yourself. For this you will need:
- key on "10";
- rust control fluid (WD-40 or equivalent);
- key on "22".
The order of work is as follows:
- We install the car on a flat area. If the engine is hot, let it cool down.
- Using the key on "10", unscrew the bolt on the "negative" terminal of the battery. Remove the terminal.
- Find the sensor, disconnect the connector with power wires from it.
- We process the junction of the probe with the collector with anti-rust liquid. We give her time to “work.”
- Unscrew the sensor with the key on “22”. We install a new one in its place. We connect the connector.
- Connect the "negative" terminal to the battery, fix it.
Here, in principle, and all the work. Now it remains to start the engine and check its operation at idle. If the warning light went out and the power unit began to work with a noticeable improvement, then we did everything right.
As you can see, there is nothing complicated either in the device or in replacing the Lada Kalina oxygen sensor. It is only important to notice the malfunction in time and eliminate it. And in order for the lambda probe of your car to serve as long as possible, fill it with high-qualityfuel.
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