YaMZ-236 engine: characteristics, device, adjustment

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42

YaMZ-236 is a legendary diesel engine manufactured by JSC Avtodiesel, the former Yaroslavl Motor Plant. This V-shaped "six" became popular in the Soviet Union, and after its collapse - throughout the CIS. The engine is currently used on trucks, tractors and combines. It can be found on such well-known vehicles as MAZ, KRAZ, URAL, ZIL, as well as on K-700 tractors.

The closest associates of this model are YaMZ-238 for 8 cylinders and YaMZ-240 - 12-cylinder. YaMZ-236 has many modifications with different amounts of horsepower.

History of Creation

In the 1950s, the Yaroslavl plant received a state special order for the creation of more powerful diesel engines, which were supposed to replace the obsolete YaAZ. These motors were supposed to be more powerful and more economical than their predecessors. On the other hand, the state wanted to get a universal internal combustion engine that could be used on different brands.cars.

Under the leadership of the outstanding designer of the USSR and honored scientist Chernyshev G. D., the YaMZ-236 engine was created, as well as the rest of the family of diesel engines of that time. He also developed an equally legendary series of units for KAMAZ.

Thus, the ICE was born, which to this day is famous for many. It features high power, reliability, easy repair, easy maintenance, and cheap spare parts. A large resource and maintainability allow it to serve faithfully for many years.

Production now

Today, the production of YaMZ-236 continues, although its successor YaMZ-530 already exists. The volumes of motors sold do not fall, but due to hostilities in Ukraine, the supply to the Kremenchug car assembly plant, which produced the famous KRAZ trucks, was stopped. Of course, the Yaroslavl plant lost a segment for the sale of motors, but this did not reduce production.

Specifications and device

The YaMZ-236 engine has rather high technical characteristics. It is equipped with 6 cylinders, which are arranged in parallel and have an inclination angle of 90 degrees. Fuel enters directly into the cylinders, that is, direct injection. The pressure in the engine is 16.5 atmospheres. The piston has a diameter of 130 mm in the base and 140 mm in the repair version, with its stroke of 140 mm.

The engine is equipped with a mechanical type high-pressure fuel pump and injectors, which directly andinject into each cylinder. Each block head has 6 valves - 3 intake and 3 exhaust.

Cooling system - liquid with forced circulation, which is carried out using a water pump. The drive is a belt that rotates the pump pulley from the crankshaft pulley.

YAMZ-236 engine has a volume of 11 liters, power ranges from 150 to 420 horsepower. On the latest models, it has been increased to 500 hp. In connection with the increase in fuel tariffs, manufacturers of YaMZ-236, whose consumption was 40 liters per 100 km, reduced this figure to 25 liters.

The main power unit was made of cast iron until 2010, until it was decided to transfer it to aluminum, like the cylinder head. This made it possible to simplify the procedure for repairing and boring cylinder necks, and honing became more accurate. At the same time, the unit block has not lost its former strength.

The main characteristics of the YaMZ-236 show that the engine has a fairly simple design, which ensures ease of repair and maintenance.

Adjustment

YAMZ-236, which is manually adjusted, requires a special tool. It includes quite a lot of operations. Consider the basic manipulations that need to be carried out:

• Valve adjustment, which is done using a special probe designed for the YaMZ-236 engine. The motor design allows this operation to be performed with the valve cover removed.
• Clutch adjustment, more precisely this process is called balancing. It is held onspecial booth.
• Adjusting the fuel supply through the injection pump.

All adjustment operations are carried out only in car services, as they require a special tool that is difficult to find in the garage.

Maintenance

Servicing a YaMZ-236 diesel engine is quite simple if you know how and what to do. Consider the basic operations that are included in the service:

1. Oil change. Usually, for this engine, it is recommended to use a lubricant for diesel engines of the M10G2K type.
2. Replacement of filter elements. The motor has several filters that should be changed every 15,000 km. These are an oil filter, a coarse and fine fuel filter element, repair kits for all filters.
3. Injection adjustment, in other words - blowing injectors.
4. Replacing valve cover gaskets and cylinder head. In some cases, the lining material of the pallet is changed.
5. Tighten or replace drive belts.

Here, in principle, are all the maintenance operations that are carried out at YaMZ-236. Everything else changes in the current and planned repairs.

Repair

Repair of the YaMZ-236 engine is carried out only in car services, as it requires special equipment and tools. They include such stands: for disassembly and assembly of the power unit and its elements, balancing, adjusting and for testing.

You will also need special equipment:

• Boring and honing machine.
• Sanding equipmentand polishing the crankshaft.
• Stand with crimping bath.
• Reamers for grinding valve seat seats.
• Valve Directional Installation Equipment.
• Lathe and milling machine.
• Injector cleaning stand.
• Press for pressing bearings and seals.
• Argon welding, in some cases.
• Other special purpose diesel engine repair tools and equipment.

As you can see from the list, you will need a lot of stands and equipment that not every car service can afford.

Repair of the YaMZ-236 engine is carried out in several stages. All of them are quite complex, and a narrow-profile professional is responsible for each. Consider all the stages in turn:

1. Disassembly. Probably, it is already clear that the internal combustion engine is disassembled using the usual extended set of tools and an air gun.
2. Diagnosis of faults and determining the list of spare parts to be replaced.
3. Grinding the crankshaft and preparing the cylinder block.
4. Washing of all spare parts and assemblies. It is usually carried out with hot kerosene.
5. When everything is ready, assembly takes place.

The process of dismantling YaMZ-236 takes about 6-8 hours. It takes about 16-20 hours to prepare parts for assembly, depending on the complexity of the breakdown. The assembly process takes up to 36 hours. It all depends on how worn out the main units and components are and how well they prepared them for the final stage.work.

Future plans

In 2020, the Yaroslavl plant plans to stop producing YaMZ-236 engines, as a new YaMZ-660 is being prepared to replace it, which will become 100 horsepower more powerful, and the volume will increase to 12.5 liters. At the same time, the classic layout of cylinders and valves will remain. An innovation is planned to be an electronic high-pressure fuel pump, which will have the Euro-5 standard, which will allow engines to enter the world market. It is also planned to continue the production of diesel power plants based on YaMZ-236.