Tractor DT-20: specifications

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42

Tractor DT-20 - the legendary wheeled tractor, produced at the tractor plant in Kharkov from 1958 to 1969. A total of 248,400 cars left the assembly line.

Demand

Kharkov Tractor Plant also produced the DT-20 model for export. Thousands of new, shiny red cars were sent to France, the Netherlands, Belgium and many other countries. The machine, ideal for harvesting agricultural work, was snapped up. The price was more than affordable and it made a big difference.

A simple, frameless design, brake pedals that can be rearranged and deployed, a diesel engine with water cooling, which is quite effective, so that it does not heat up under any load - these are the advantages of the model.

Adding appeal was the variable gauge, which was especially valuable in French vineyards, where the gauge never had a specific meaning and was of different widths. Variable clearance, adjustable longitudinal base, the ability to rebuild in reverse mode, compactness - all this made the Soviet wheeled tractor attractive not only in agriculture, but also in forestry, in the municipal system and at construction sites.

The versatility of the car was fantastic. The only downside was the lack of a roof. They tried to replace it with an awning, but this was not enough. The constant wind blew the awning away, and no fastenings helped.

Modernization

The DT-20 tractor was used as a further development of the DT-14B project, which needed to be improved.

Diesel engine DT-20 developed 18 hp. with., this was quite enough to perform work in the horticultural sector with various trailers and attachments.

In comparison with its predecessor, the DT-20 received a new plumage, the wings were significantly enlarged, the racks of the canopy were lengthened, and a pedal for simultaneous activation of all brakes was installed at once.

The universal unit DT-20 (tractor), the photo of which is presented in the article, was used as a tractor, as a transporter for transporting vegetable products, assembled in advance into semi-trailers on wheels. Such work was the most efficient in terms of time. In the fields, in fact, a conveyor was created for the uninterrupted delivery of products to storage facilities.

Tractor DT-20: specifications

Model DT-20 belongs to the sixth traction class of special small-sized equipment. The tractor is equipped with a KhTZ D-20 engine with a power of 18 hp. With. and quite high-speed, the rotational speed was 1600 rpm. The power unit accelerated the car to a speed of 9.5 km / h. This speed was sufficient for the dynamic transport of traileddevices with finished products.

The DT-20 tractor was distinguished by good maneuverability, the turning radius of the machine did not exceed 780 mm, which made it possible to turn around in small areas. The ground clearance of 250 mm was also quite enough for the successful implementation of difficult maneuvers to overcome obstacles in agricultural work. The specific fuel consumption of a compact machine was only about 200 g per hour of continuous operation in idle mode. And since most of the operations were carried out at low gas, the KhTZ DT-20 tractor could be considered a fairly economical machine.

At certain times, when the harvesting progress increased, the car could increase speed and increase speed significantly. The characteristic of the DT-20 tractor regarding its efficiency in normal operation looks quite positive: the machine is powerful, economical and reliable in operation. This is confirmed by the passport data, where the main operational parameters are marked.

Weight and dimensions

• Tractor length - 3040 mm.
• Width - 1304 mm.
• Height - 1442 mm.
• The capacity of the fuel tank is about 140 liters.

Power plant

The DT-20 model was equipped with a D-20 engine with flexible characteristics. Rated power 18 HP With. could increase up to 20 liters. With. by increasing the speed from 1600 per minute to 1800 rpm. At the same time, this mode was not limited in any way, the unit did not overheat and could work at high speeds for quite a long time.time.

The compression ratio of the engine was noted within 15 units, which was also close to normal. A small diesel did not need a starter, which is usually equipped with more powerful engines. The D-20 motor was started by an electric starter.

The engine needed to be upgraded, so the rework began with a reconfiguration of the crankshaft crankshaft. Because of this, the side walls of the crankcase had to be reshaped. Some parameters have been changed to accommodate higher rpm.

There were many changes, but they were all structurally related to each other, so we got a well-balanced, reliable engine with a fairly long resource.

Transmission

The rear-wheel rotation transmission unit was quite simple and consisted of a coupling, clutch, rear axle differential. The transmission provided a four-speed forward movement and the same backward movement. For special occasions, a fifth reduction gear was provided.

At that time, wheeled tractors of the DT-20 type were equipped with only one rear drive axle. The front wheels did not play any role in traction, but only performed the function of driving the machine. Therefore, the developers tried to load the front axle. Even simple ballast in the form of cast-iron linings was used, so long as the front wheels did not ride up during the transport of trailers.

Unique engineering solutions

Numerous improvements and changes on the spot made it possible to create more than one additionalfixture. The DT-20 tractor received additional features to the existing regular ones. The car was easily rebuilt for constant movement in reverse. Everything that was in the cab could be rearranged: the steering column, pedals, driver's seat. All devices could turn 180 degrees and work in the same mode, but only in the other direction.

This unique solution to tractor handling has been extremely useful in terms of practical application. The tractor, already versatile, was becoming a super versatile machine.

Mechanization of horticulture and vegetable growing in the national economy of the USSR was one of the most important technical tasks of that difficult time. The DT-20 tractor was an ideal mechanism for solving such tasks. In addition to its own capabilities, the DT-20 was also equipped with a whole range of various devices.

Special accessories

1. Vine supporter LVN-1, 5.
2. Sprayer ONK-B.
3. Tipper platforms for unloading grapes.
4. ABN-0, 5 for the export of grapes harvested wine varieties.
5. Sprayer for vineyards "Zarya" OVPN.
6. Grape drags.
7. Vine loader.
8. OSHU-50 atomizer.
9. Thresher, flax picker.

Memory of the legendary agricultural machine

Presented in many museums on the mechanization of agriculture DT-20. A tractor whose photo is everywhere, regardless of statusexhibition or museum, is popular.

• Open-air exposition in Saratov on Sokolova Gora.
• Museum in the Estonian city of Tartu.
• Museum of Life and Architecture of the Dnieper Region.
• Tractor Museum in Cheboksary.

Thanks to exhibition complexes and museums, the memory of famous cars, tractors and combines of the Soviet period lives on.