Overview of the GAZ-560 car and its technical characteristics

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42

For more than ten years, we have been seeing cars in the vastness of our country on which the GAZ-560 Steyer engine is installed. Moreover, these are not only cargo "Lawns" and "Gazelles", but also passenger "Volga". What are the features of this unit? Learn from our article.

History of Appearance

In Russia, the first well-known Steyer engines appeared in 1998. This was due to the fact that an Austrian company sold a production license to Russians. The ongoing tests of the incoming engine impressed many of those present. According to some parameters, Steyer became the best among all diesel units.

The main positives for this engine from Austria were:

• less demanding on fuel consumption;
• great starting at low ambient temperatures;
• high efficiency;
• excellent dynamic qualities.

The first engines were assembled by workers at the factory using other parts, which is why their quality was on top. Spare parts (GAZ-560 Steyer) were imported directly from abroad. according to plansThe manufacturer should have produced at least 250,000 models per year, taking into account the fact that such units would be supplied to other enterprises in the country.

History of existence

The further history of development was not as pleasant in practice as in theory. The test samples did not always have good performance, and therefore, soon various breakdowns began to occur with Steyer engines, which was caused by many factors of our reality.

The quality of fuel in Russia has always left much to be desired, and because of poor diesel fuel, the first high-quality Russian diesel began to fail. However, this phenomenon was not the only one. Soon, parts made in Russia began to be used for the manufacture of the unit, which led to more frequent breakdowns.

Special differences GAZ-560

The main difference between the GAZ-560 engine was a monoblock design, thanks to which the cylinder head and the block itself were an indivisible whole.

The advantages of the design of a single block and cylinder head were:

• The absence of a gasket between the block and the cylinder head, which, in case of overheating, would need to be changed immediately.
• Due to the absence of a gasket, antifreeze or antifreeze will not get into the oil, which periodically happens on cars where this part is available.
• The block and head are poured together, so there is no possibility of loosening the cylinder head.

Varieties of engines

The GAZ-560 Stayer engine was produced in three trim levels:

1. Engine with 95 horsepower. s.
2. Unit with an installed intercooler, the power of which is 110 hp. s.
3. Engine with intercooler and a modified control unit of the car, the power of which is 125 hp. s.

The most common version for the Gazelle car was the power unit of the second type. The GAZ-560 Steyer installed on the Gazelle developed power up to 110 horsepower.

Besides this, engines were also installed on Volga and Sobol cars.

GAZ-560: specifications

Many are interested in why the Steyer engines are so popular among the people and what are the technical data of the unit. It is worth noting that the power plant was an in-line 4-cylinder diesel unit with pre-installed turbocharging, water cooling and a power supply system through injectors.

The volume of the diesel engine was 2.1 liters. Capacities were presented earlier. The internal combustion engine is characterized by fuel consumption in the amount of 11.5 liters per 100 km traveled.

It is worth remembering that depending on the mode of operation of the car, the consumption may change. For example, the Sobol car, which has the GAZ-560 unit installed, consumes a hundred a little less figure than stated - 8 liters. For such vehicles, low consumption is a big advantage over other competitors.

A large number of compatriots are constantly distrustful of turbodiesels, and this is primarily due topoor fuel quality. This is typical for both rural areas and urban residents. At the initial stage of using diesel engines, many car owners faced such a problem when no center could diagnose a breakdown or a characteristic malfunction in operation or did not undertake repairs anywhere at all.

The cost of spare parts for diesel engines also significantly exceeds the prices for parts of a gasoline unit. However, such factors have not stopped people from using cars with economical and powerful engines.

Work of the unit in Russian conditions

The obtained license from the Austrian company "Stayer" allowed the automobile plant from the city of Gorky to use modern engines for installation on GAZ vehicles, which had a good effect on the company's policy in the future. For the Volga, which was also modernized by installing the GAZ-560 unit, consumption became ideal, since the gasoline version "ate" about 16 liters, and the diesel version - 8 liters.

Many diesel engines tend to vibrate at low speeds or idle, making the whole car shake. However, at a speed of 50 km / h, any vibrations disappear, and not every motorist will be able to confidently declare the type of motor installed. The consumption of the Gazelle (GAZ-560) was about 13 liters per 100 km.

Characteristic features for Steyer models was the inability to warm them up at idle, because of which it was cold inside the car. But it was only necessary to give speed to the engine, and alsowhen moving from the coolness, there was not a trace left. It warmed up just as well as if the car had a gasoline engine.

A distinctive feature of the Austrian motor is as follows. During frosts, it was sufficient to use only winter diesel fuel and a serviceable battery. This car started with half a turn. During the entire operation of the unit, ice and frost did not form on its surface and fuel lines. This is due to the fact that the installed nozzles are located close to the cooling system, which allowed the machine to quickly warm up to positive temperatures.

In winter, it is best to use oil labeled 5W40. With its use on arctic fuel, this unit could overcome any frost and easily start up even at a thirty-degree frost. If stronger frosts were observed in the region of operation, it is necessary to install special elements for warming the engine compartment. Otherwise, oil could be squeezed out through the neck or dipstick.

Turbo system

The GAZ-560 turbine was in great demand and sensitive to the quality of the oil used. The number of revolutions per minute reached 100,000 during operation, and the oil temperature reached 150 degrees. The use of poor lubrication made the turbine unusable in a short time. It was also worth remembering some features of the operation of turbocharged power units:

• You can not increase the speed sharply on a cold engine. Thick oil does not lubricate the turbine.
• When stoppingdo not turn off the engine immediately, as the turbine continues to rotate. And turning off the engine, the driver turns off the flow of oil into it, which leads to its failure.
• The turbo oil line must be sealed.
• With low engine speeds and poor acceleration of the car, it is necessary to adjust the valve spring responsible for filling all cylinders. Adjustment for preventive purposes should be done after 45,000 km.

Recommendations

All diesel engines are very sensitive to the quality of oil and fuel. Saving on fuel and lubricants can subsequently lead to serious breakdowns. Although this is a domestic engine, fuel for it must be purchased only at trusted gas stations.

Gulf of low-quality fuel will lead to a deterioration not only in the basic characteristics of the engine. Due to the delayed ignition of the fuel, the heating of the piston will be uneven, which will eventually damage the combustion chamber. Only now it is quite difficult to determine low-quality diesel-based fuel, unlike gasoline. There are no direct prerequisites for poor fuel quality, and the engine will not give out any characteristic noises. Pouring such fuel into the power supply system led to the destruction, first of all, of plunger pairs of injectors.

Reviews

Currently, the reviews of car owners about the GAZ-560 are the most positive, despite the fact that the engine repair was quite difficult due to the monolithic design. For a large number of owners, low fuel consumption was a hallmarkcompared to other models and good operation in difficult climatic conditions of the country.

Sometimes motorists had problems with burnt valves. Spare parts for the GAZ-560 engine are very expensive, and sometimes the total repair was equal to the cost of a new one. That is why in 2008 the automobile plant decided to stop installing an expensive unit on cars.

Practical Tips

Sooner or later, a breakdown or malfunction can happen. For example, if it is impossible to start a warm engine, it is worth doing a tricky operation. It is not necessary to change the nozzles at the same time - you can simply turn off the coolant and air temperature sensor. As a result, the start will be carried out as if it were cold, and the fuel supply for the injectors will increase.

If the injector fails, the engine will run unstable. If a breakdown is detected immediately after start-up, you can determine which one of them failed through the manifold nozzles. A non-working nozzle will have a nozzle temperature significantly lower than the others. If a malfunction of the GAZ-560 engine is detected on the road, then you can drive quite a lot on an idle nozzle (about 200 km), while you should not give heavy loads to the system.