ZIL-170: specifications and photos

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42

KAMAZ trucks must have been seen by everyone. What is the name of the car pictured below? A muzzle characteristic of KamAZ trucks, a cabover configuration, also three people in the cab … and the letters "ZIL" on the front end. However, this is no accident. This is how the ZIL-170 car looks like - a kind of "father" of cars leaving the gates of the plant in Naberezhnye Chelny (KamAZ truck complex plant).

The fact is that the first model of the current KamAZ was designed at another enterprise, and at a time when the KamAZ plant did not yet exist. The order for production was received by the plant. Likhachev ("ZIL"). It was the only enterprise whose production facilities at that time could cope with this. The model was successful, and after the launch of production in Naberezhnye Chelny, the engineers decided that it was not worth reinventing the wheel a second time. The first truck that came off the assembly line of the plant received almost identical characteristics with the ZIL-170 car, the photo of which can be seen in this review.

Model history

Before proceeding directly to the description of the truck, we note that the first KamAZ vehicle left the factory gates in 1977year. The only difference that can be seen in modern cars is rectangular headlights, while the no less famous ZIL-130 has round lighting elements.

So, why did the first KamAZ trucks have other letters? The history of the ZIL-170 began in the 60s of the last century, when the Moscow plant named after Likhachev was ordered to design a new heavy vehicle. At the same time, the Minavtoprom noted two points: the first is that the truck should be like a western one (cabinless), and the second is that production must be established at a new location. It is worth noting that at the same time, the development of the ZIL-130 was in full swing at the plant, and field tests of the 3169 model were also carried out, which just could meet all the requirements of the ministry.

The car had a large carrying capacity, no less carrying capacity, but it was a Soviet bonneted truck. He did not enter the series. The next model of the plant should be ZIL-170. The history of the creation of the car begins in 1968, when the first cabover tractor (later KamAZ-5410) leaves the factory gates. In 1969, experimental versions of trucks and dump trucks were released (respectively, KamAZ 5320 and 5510). In the same year, the construction of the plant began, which subsequently transferred all the developments of ZIL, already under the name KamAZ.

The first models of the new enterprise also wore the emblem of the plant named after them on the hood. Likhachev. The letters KAMAZ (the logo in the form of a running horse was born much later), according to legend, appeared when they sawthe first exhibition model of a truck from the plant in Naberezhnye Chelny. Someone from the ministry said that a car produced at another enterprise should not bear the name ZIL. As a result, the Moscow plant is returning to the development of bonnet variants, and the ZIL-170 is already being produced under the name of KamAZ to this day.

Protopip

Having received the task, the ZIL plant bought several Western options and eventually settled on one. They became the American-made International.

The cabin of the new car is slightly more rectangular than the original, with a sleeker front and twin round headlights. Another difference from the American was the appearance of seat belts for the driver and one passenger (the place for the second passenger appeared already on KamAZ.) The power steering and the idea of a multi-circuit brake system were also taken from the prototype.

Power section

In 1969, the engine plant in Yaroslavl receives another order - to develop and then produce engines for a new car. At the same time, the new engine must be powerful enough - at least 200 hp. with., as the car will be heavy. Yaroslavl presented the YaMZ-6E641 version, and engineers developed the YaMZ-E141 gearbox for it. This was the first version of the motor on ZIL-170 cars. The second generation engine had to be designed already in 1970, as serious problems were discovered in the system.

The new truck engine model received the abbreviation YaMZ-740. Just like the first option, it was8-cylinder diesel engine with a volume of 10 liters and with a V-shaped arrangement of cylinders. Its power was 210 liters. With. If we talk about Euro standards, then he hardly met those standards, but in 1970 it was a very good option, and it was he who was put on the ZIL-170 trucks.

Specifications

When developing the project, the designers were told that: firstly, the machine should be sufficiently unified, and secondly, all (or almost all) new developments of those times should be included in it. One of these solutions was the transmission. Yaroslavl supplied its box for 5 gears. The designers used it, but added a divider, as a result of which they increased the number of speeds to 10. The prototype, and then mass production, received 10 gears forward and 2 back.

The divider circuit was quite new, but also very simple - only 2 steps. The first stage had a direct inclusion - this is how the first five was carried out, and the second was an increase, thanks to which it was possible to include the 6th and subsequent ones. The same divider worked when moving backwards: one speed - "out of the box", and the second - through the step-up part.

Wheel formula

Also, one of the conditions of the above order was to be the wheel formula 6x4 based on 3 axles, 6 wheels, drive on two axles. New developments have been used here as well. The first and last axles had their own cardan shafts, while the middle one was equipped with a center differential.

Fuel consumption

One of the new features, which laterpassed into the inheritance of the first-born of the new plant - this is the minimum fuel consumption. The ZIL-170 truck takes only 34 liters per 100 km. These figures are still among the lowest in heavy vehicles of this class.

External parameters

Speaking about the external data of the machine, we must take into account several points. The car was supposed to be heavy-duty, and the first option, with its own weight of 8 tons, could take 6 tons of cargo. The prototype was a flatbed truck with an awning, but tractors and dump trucks followed it. However, the development of these modifications came close to the plant in Naberezhnye Chelny. Therefore, for the description, we will take the onboard version. All parameters of this ZIL-170 car are shown in the diagram above.

The main dimensions, which have become the same for all machines, will be written separately. The total length is 7435 mm, the distance from the bumper to the center of the first wheel is 1275 mm, between the axles of the rear wheels is 1320 mm, from the front to the rear in the centers is 3190 mm. The total width is 2500 mm, between tires on the same axle - just over 2000 mm. At the same time, the rear pair of axles is reinforced - 4 wheels each.

Also, external data include the characteristic radiator grille in the upper right part of the front end, which KamAZ inherited, and many other details that meet international requirements, such as lacing on the bottom of the awning.

Conclusion

"ZIL" was the only plant in the Soviet Union, the development of which, getting into the series, became invariablysuccessful, such as ZIL-130. Many subsequent models were offshoots from the main series (131, 132, 133540). So was the ZIL-170. A whole factory was built to produce these versions. The first cars of the new enterprise completely repeated the developments of ZIL, but later they became completely different cars. Nevertheless, both have found their way into modern industry.