Engine ZMZ-410: specifications, description and reviews

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42

Zavolzhsky Motor Plant, which was founded back in 1958, has produced more than 15 million engines. Motors were supplied to Ulyanovsk, Gorky and Pavlovsk bus plants. Among the engines produced were ZMZ-410. This power unit, which was installed on off-road vehicles, has very interesting technical characteristics. Let's look at the main design features, advantages and disadvantages of the 410th motor.

General information

ZMZ-410 is a revised 402nd. The latter was famous for its simplicity, reliability in operation and unpretentiousness in maintenance. But over time, this engine became obsolete, so it was decided to develop a more modern power unit that would be just as reliable. That is why the design of the ZMZ-410 is similar to the 402nd motor.

But at the same time, the engineers were faced with the task of increasing the power of the power unit. For this, a new ZMZ-410 block with lined cylinders was developed. It was noteworthy that the material of the block was an aluminum alloy, and cast-iron sleeves were pressed into it. Also developerssomewhat reworked the shape of the pistons. Otherwise, the design of this motor is similar to the 402 model of ZMZ power units.

Specifications ZMZ-410

The cylinder capacity of the 410 is 2.89 liters. At the same time, its rated power is 96 horsepower, at a crankshaft speed of 3,500 rpm. The maximum torque is reached at a crankshaft speed of 2,500 rpm and is 201 Nm. In fact, this is a classic in-line four, which did not stand out for the presence of any constructive frills.

Designers, as noted above, increased the block to increase power. The cylinder diameter in this motor is 100 mm, and the piston stroke is 92 mm. An OHV gas distribution mechanism with two valves per cylinder was used. There was no talk of an injection system in those days, so this ICE was assembled with a K-151Ts carburetor. The motor resource of the motor is about 200,000 kilometers with timely maintenance, high-quality lubrication and the absence of increased loads.

Successful Model

We can safely say that in general the model turned out to be very successful. After all, the characteristics of the ZMZ-410 engines at that time were very good. The carburetor engine with contact ignition distribution was operated for a long time as part of the UAZ group of cars. The factory designation of the motor is ZMZ4104.10.

We can talk about the success of this model due to the fact that about 15modifications of this power unit. Depending on the instructions of the customer, various components were additionally installed on the motor, such as water pumps, sensors, etc. If necessary, it was possible to replace the 410th with the UMZ-421 without any alterations. But at the same time, it was noted that the build quality of the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant is an order of magnitude higher than that of the Ulyanovsk. Although, most likely, this concerned only this particular model.

Maintenance in brief

As noted above, this is a fairly simple motor in its design, distinguished by its increased reliability. Nevertheless, for long-term operation without major repairs, it is necessary to follow a number of manufacturer's recommendations:

• change engine oil every 10,000 kilometers, also install a new oil filter;
• valve adjustment every 15,000 kilometers, thermal clearances for exhaust valves - 0.4-0.45 mm, for the intake of the first and fourth cylinders - 0.35-0.40, for the second and third - 0.4 -0.45mm;
• check the condition of the crankshaft oil seals, if necessary, replace the packing.

As you can see, the maintenance of this motor comes down to a few fairly simple steps. Such maintenance is quite cheap and is performed quickly. If you follow these requirements, you can significantly extend the life of the motor. At the same time, failure to comply with the scheduled deadlines for adjustment work and oil change can lead to a reduction in the life of the internal combustion engine and prematureleaving it for a major overhaul.

ZMZ-410: reviews of motorists

Most drivers compare the 410th model of the Zavolzhsky plant and the 421st of the Ulyanovsk. Quite often, motorists cannot decide on a choice. Indeed, it is quite difficult to give preference to one or the other power unit. After all, each of them has both advantages and disadvantages. Take, for example, UMZ-421. This is a cheap low-torque motor with an oil seal on the camshaft. It has its drawbacks, for example, the lack of shells.

At the same time, the 410th is a more expensive option, but they buy it much better. This is a sleeved motor with packing instead of an oil seal. Also, the 410th is somewhat more expensive than the 421st. In general, motorists are more inclined towards the ZMZ engine. He, of course, has his own problems, but this is a more reliable internal combustion engine, which is quite cheap in both maintenance and repair. Therefore, if you have a choice between UMZ-421 and ZMZ-410, then feel free to give preference to the latter.

Main malfunctions and solutions

"Chronic diseases" 410th has no. Nevertheless, with increasing mileage, all sorts of unpleasant moments appear. Consider typical malfunctions and their causes:

• Knock and noise during the operation of the power unit. During maintenance, they did not adjust the thermal clearances of the valves of the timing system; defects in the connecting rod bearings or camshaft are also possible.
• Increased engine vibration. Possibly requiredignition adjustment or balancing of the crank mechanism. There are also defects in the ignition system.
• Engine overheating. Most commonly caused by a stuck-closed thermostat, an airlock in the cooling system, or a faulty water pump.

Usually, motorists are faced with precisely these problems, which can often be eliminated by minor repairs. In some cases, oil consumption increases. Most often this is due to the fact that the packing is flowing. Therefore, it is recommended to inspect it regularly, preferably at each change of lubricant in the engine system.

How to increase the power of the power unit

We have already discussed with you the technical characteristics of the ZMZ-410 engine. As noted above, this motor has 98 horsepower. This is a pretty good indicator in those days of the production of such power units. But it is possible to increase the number of "horses" up to about 120. Moreover, this procedure does not require any significant alterations. You just need to follow a few simple steps. First of all, the carburetor diffusers are increased to 30 mm. Next, another camshaft is installed. You can use a part of the type "OKB engine 35" or similar. At the final stage, a straight-through exhaust is installed with the same pipe diameter along its entire length.

After such small alterations, you can get about 20% additional power. Carrying out such work is very advisable, becausethe cost of such tuning is not too high, and the result will be noticeable. You can go further and, by changing the height of the cylinder head, increase the compression in the engine. Further tuning is impractical due to increased financial costs. It will be possible to install a compressor or turbine only in the case of a transition from a carburetor to an injector, and this requires a large number of alterations.

Should I take such a motor?

As noted above, currently ZMZ-410 is not produced. Nevertheless, for equipment such as UAZ, and installation on buses, this power unit is perfect. Of course, there are now more economical and reliable engines. But their maintenance and upkeep are much more expensive. That is why ZMZ-410 can be used in the agricultural industry. It is unpretentious, consumes almost any fuel and rarely breaks down. And if this happens, then it can be repaired in an open field, however, with certain knowledge.

Of course, there are also disadvantages, such as weak piston pins. The fact is that the designers increased the pistons to 100 mm, while the fingers remained the same. Therefore, sometimes under increased loads, they break. In this case, even the destruction of the block is possible.

Summarize

410th model of the ZMZ engine is characterized by increased reliability, unpretentiousness and a fairly high resource. If the engine is serviced on time, it will cover 200,000 kilometers, and maybe even more. Whereinit is possible to perform a major overhaul of the power unit. This kind of restoration will cost no more than 10,000 rubles.

Of course, the operation of such motors in large cities is unacceptable. This power unit does not meet European environmental standards. The absence of a catalytic converter leads to the fact that harmful exhaust gases pollute the environment. For this simple reason, the use of such equipment is only permissible outside of large cities. Often ZMZ-410 find their application in medium-duty agricultural machinery. In some cases, this power unit is installed on buses and small trucks.