2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42
Soviet-made equipment even now surprises many with its reliability, power and durability. Among the most interesting representatives of the automotive industry of the USSR, it is worth highlighting the MAZ-503.
Introduced back in 1965 at the Minsk plant, it is still used to transport soil, rocks and other heavy materials.
Progenitor
The new model of large-sized equipment was developed on the basis of the modern and progressive truck MAZ-500 at that time. It was a dump truck with an 11.2-liter diesel engine with 180 horsepower. For cargo transportation, the standard model was equipped with wooden sides.
The maximum carrying capacity was 7.5 thousand kg. Modifications of the MAZ-500 model differed in various types of sides:
- MAZ-500V in its design had a metal platform, which had a positive effect on transportation capabilities;
- MAZ-500G had an elongated body, which made it possible to transport long materials.
Subsequently, these two main modifications were replaced by new representatives of heavy vehicles - MAZ-503 (dump truck), MAZ-504 (truck tractor) and MAZ-509,intended for the transport of wood materials. Consider the first option in more detail.
MAZ-503: model description
Soviet scientists did not invent something completely new, so the truck in the first years of production was practically no different from its "father". Significant innovations were introduced to the design in 1970.
Since then, the base of the car has been a solid frame riveted from stamped parts. The undercarriage of the truck rests on 4 semi-elliptical springs located longitudinally to the frame. This, in combination with hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers, endowed the MAZ-503 dump truck with a load capacity and good cross-country ability.
The car was comfortable for long trips. The cab was an all-metal welded cabover design. It was equipped with a berth and, in addition to the driver, could accommodate two more passengers. Power steering helped drive the car.
For the transportation of goods, the model was equipped with a universal metal welded platform, in which the tailgate automatically opened and closed on hinges. A hydraulic drive tilted the platform, and a specially built-in valve shook it to ensure complete unloading.
Specifications
Due to its design, the MAZ-503 has impressive technical characteristics:
- maximum load capacity - 8 tons;
- curb weight - 7520 kg;
- max speed - 75km/h;
- fuel consumption - 22 liters per 100 km;
- maximum torque - 1503 rpm;
- dimensions - 5785x2500x2650 mm;
- turning radius - 15 m;
- clearance (ground clearance) - 29.5 cm.
Due to the relatively large size and turning radius, the car cannot be called maneuverable.
It is mainly used in open pits, large construction sites and industrial plants.
Engine and transmission
The MAZ-503 dump truck owes its cross-country ability and carrying capacity to the powerful YaMZ-236 diesel engine. The power plant incorporates 6 cylinders arranged in a V-shape. The displacement is 11.15 liters, which is why the maximum power is at the level of 180 horsepower.
The cooling system is liquid, with forced circulation of antifreeze and a thermostatic device. The last device was designed to create an optimal temperature regime, regardless of weather conditions.
A complex fuel purification system can be called a feature of the installation. Before entering the combustion chamber, the diesel was subjected to coarse and fine cleaning. To do this, two filters were built into the fuel supply system - an element for a cotton roving for primary processing and a wood flour filter on a pulverized bakelite bundle.
This simultaneously increased the durability of the unit and allowed the use of low quality fuel. A similar system was used in the mixed engine oil system.
The transmission of the MAZ-503 is represented by a mechanical 5-speed gearbox with synchronizers at all speeds except the first one. The dry-type double-plate clutch with clutches has proven itself on the positive side.
In today's world
You will not find this representative of dump trucks in the market of large-sized equipment anymore. They were relevant and in demand until the 1980s, but then they were replaced by more progressive trucks based on the MAZ-5335.
But copies of the Soviet issue that have survived to this day can be actively used on medium-sized construction sites, in agriculture and in some industrial areas. And every year their number is getting smaller.
Soon MAZ-503 (whose photo can be seen in this article) will become only a memory. Those who are interested in the Soviet car industry can find a scale (1:43) model of the Kostroma plant.
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