Power steering "Kamaz": device, repair, scheme

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42

Power steering, or power steering - just a necessity for heavy and heavy cars. And if on passenger cars many do without this assistant, then try turning the Kamaz steering wheel without it. Today we will all learn about the power steering "Kamaz": the arrangement of mechanisms, the principle of operation, and we will also talk about typical malfunctions and repairs.

Tasks that the power steering solves

The main purpose of power steering is to reduce as much as possible the effort required to turn the steering wheel when performing various maneuvers at low speeds.

Also, the booster makes the impact on the steering wheel more noticeable at high speed.

Device

What is the power steering "Kamaz" device? The mechanism consists of a distributor, hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic fluid, pump, as well as connectors and an electronic control unit.

Distributor needed to direct flowshydraulic fluids in the system cavity. The hydraulic cylinder solves the problem of converting hydraulic pressure into mechanical work of rods and pistons. The liquid not only transfers forces from the pump to the hydraulic cylinder, but also lubricates the rubbing components and parts. Its pump is designed to constantly maintain the required pressure. It also promotes fluid circulation. The connector or tube GUR "Kamaz" is used to combine all the elements of this design. And finally, the electronic block. It directs and regulates the operation of the amplifier.

The device of a typical power steering

What is the GUR ("Kamaz") device? Often, the actuators are presented in a single housing with the steering system. Such an amplifier can be called an integrated amplifier. Various oils of the ATF type are used as hydraulic fluid. These are usually poured into FRGG.

How does it work? The power steering system "Kamaz" has a very simple scheme of work. When the steering wheel is turned, a rotary or axial piston pump, which is driven by a crankshaft belt, will begin to pump oil from the reservoir, and then will pump hydraulic fluid at a sufficiently high pressure into the spool type distributor. The latter monitors the force applied to the steering wheel and assists in turning the wheels. To do this, use a special tracking device. Often such an element in typical systems is a torsion bar. It is built into the cut of the steering shafts.

If the car is standing or moving in a straight line, then there is no effort on the steering system shaft. Accordingly, the torsion bar is open, and the distributor valves are closed. The oil in this case is dumped into the tank. When the steering wheel is fixed, the torsion bar is twisted. The spool releases the channels, and the working fluid is directed to the actuator.

If the system is equipped with a rack and pinion mechanism, then the liquid is supplied directly to the rack housing. When the steering wheel is turned all the way, then safety valves are activated, which release pressure in time and protect mechanical components from possible damage.

GUR "Kamaz-5320"

Its device is practically no different from a standard amplifier. There is also a distributor, gearbox, as well as a hydraulic cylinder built into the steering wheel.

The operation of this unit is possible only with the constant movement of the working fluid. This ensures a low load on the pump. The pressure in the system is 8000 kPa. The power cylinder is integrated into the steering gear housing. The control valve is a spool valve equipped with a reactive plunger system and centering springs. They create a sense of resistance forces as the wheels turn.

GUR "Kamaz-4310"

This unit here is almost completely the same as in model 5320. The principle of operation of the power steering "Kamaz-4310", the device and design of this unit are practically the same. The main difference is only in the strengthening of some parts, as well as in the modified mount of the steering arm. Here bolts, cotter pins and other fastenersparts are now replaced with nuts with lock washers.

Hydraulic pump

The power steering pump is mounted in the collapse of the cylinder block.

KAMAZ uses a gear-type drive, but the pump is of the vane type. It has a double effect. In one full revolution, it performs two cycles of pumping and suction.

Device

What device does the power steering pump "Kamaz" have? This assembly consists of parts of the body, stator and rotor, which is equipped with blades. Also in the design, a shaft with bearings and a gear for the drive is used. In addition to the pump, the design has a distribution disc, as well as bypass and safety valves. There is also a tank, filter and manifold.

The body parts, the stator, and the cover are connected and fastened with four bolts. The housing has a cavity where the suction oil enters. At the end of it you can find two oval-shaped holes. They supply hydraulic fluid to the rotor. The cover has a special bore for the distribution disc, holes for the valves, as well as a channel. There is a calibration hole on the bottom of the lid.

The rotor is mounted in the stator with splines. Blades are placed in its grooves. The shaft can be rotated using ball bearings. The liquid is directed to the blades by means of a distribution disc. With the help of a spring, the disk is pressed tightly against the stator and against the rotor. The bypass valve then restricts the operation of the pump, and the safety element restrains the pressure that is createdusing a pump.

There is also a special tank for liquid. It is attached to the pump housing. The tank has a special mesh filter. Here you can find the filler filter, as well as the safety valve.

How does the pump work?

When the rotor blades rotate, then under the influence of inertia they are pressed against the stator. The vanes, which coincide with the holes in the housing, as well as the distribution disc, are supplied with liquid. Then it is pumped with the help of vanes into the narrower part between the rotor and the stator. When the working cavities coincide with the holes in the disk, the liquid will exit through the holes behind the disk. And from there, under high pressure, it will go through the lower valve into the system. Oil from the cavity behind the disk gets on the rotor blades and presses them even harder against the stator surface.

Injection and suction work at the same time in two places at once. When the rotor speed increases, the oil from the cavity behind the disc does not pass through the calibration hole. This increases the pressure, opens the bypass valve. A little liquid through the collector enters the suction cavity again. So the performance of the mechanism is reduced.

About the most characteristic breakdowns that are inherent in the GUR

It must be said that Kamaz power steering malfunctions happen infrequently. With high-quality operation and timely maintenance of this unit, you can even forget about frequent adjustments. However, albeit infrequently, you can read about problems with the amplifier.

If not for the Russianwinter, then the power steering would have worked all the time the truck was in operation. However, winter frosts, terrible roads often lead to too early wear of the power steering mechanisms. Usually, all breakdowns can be divided into mechanical problems and hydraulic problems.

Both mechanical and hydraulic problems can appear in any part of the assembly. Like any hydraulic system, the booster does not tolerate cold. He especially dislikes too drastic changes. The same pump pumps quite a lot of pressure. Therefore, if the viscosity of the working oil suddenly increases, it can squeeze out the seals.

In addition, it is not always possible to follow at least the simplest rules for safe use. Drivers often leave cars with their wheels turned out in severe frosts. After the engine is started, the pressure will increase only on one side. Eventually the seal will pop out. Also, few people, according to the regulations, replace the hydraulic fluid. And it can thicken over time. This leads to excessive pressure.

But it's winter, what about summer? And here problems appear mainly due to dust or dirt. Only a very small depressurization of the system is enough, and soon the Kamaz power steering will need to be repaired. So, during depressurization, rods and bushings wear out. The former immediately rust and increase the wear of the latter. After a couple of hundred kilometers, the gaps between the stem and the bushing will become larger than permissible. So, the steering rack will knock.

Keep fluid clean and level

To avoid problems with the power steering, you needkeep clean. Dirty hydraulic fluid can significantly accelerate the wear of pumps and seals in truck steering rack mechanics.

You should try to watch the oil level in the tank. If the level is lower, the pump will run in premature wear mode.

Signs of typical element failures

If you need to constantly align the car with the steering wheel while driving, then you need to check the free play of the steering wheel. If it is higher than necessary, the stroke should be adjusted. You also need to make sure and check if the parts of the screw pair are worn out.

If air gets into the hydraulics, foamy and cloudy liquid can be seen in the reservoir. In this case, you need to flush and bleed the systems. The filter also needs to be replaced. In addition, one of the typical failures is the manifold gasket, which can wear out.

Repairs and adjustments

Repair work is reduced to the replacement of worn parts or assemblies. All spare parts for the amplifier are produced and are in the schemes of assembly units. Parts are non-refundable.

For adjustments, you need to have a special tool - a dynamometer, and to check the pressure you need a pressure gauge.

So, we found out what kind of power steering "Kamaz" has a device, malfunctions, design and principle of operation.