Device and adjustment of the carburetor

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42

Carburetor is one of the most important components in a car. This device is designed to prepare an air-fuel mixture, which will then be fed into the engine intake manifold. Carburetion is the process of mixing fuel and air. It is through this process that the engine works. Consider the device of this device, as well as ways to adjust the carburetor.

Varieties of devices

There are two types of carburetors used on older cars. The first are bubbling devices, which are very rare. They were replaced by more efficient and productive membrane-needle and float analogues.

Membrane-needle units consist of chambers separated by special membranes. Between themselves, these parts are fixed with a rod. One end of this mechanism resembles a needle. During operation of such a device, the needle moves up and down, opening the fuel supply valve and closing it. This is the easiesttype of carburetors. It can be found on lawn mowers, some aircraft engines, and trucks.

Float-type carburetors are presented in the form of various modifications. However, their principle of operation is largely similar. The main element of such a device is a chamber and a float mechanism. Thanks to the first, fuel and air are supplied to the carburetor in a timely manner. Float type carburetors are a guarantee of uninterrupted engine operation. Bubbling often junk and caused a lot of criticism among car owners. Float - the most advanced mechanisms. With them, the motor has good dynamic and traction characteristics. Adjusting this type of carburetor is simple enough that even beginners can handle it.

How Solex works

These models of carburetors have been used on domestic cars since the 80s. Initially, they were equipped with VAZ-2108 cars. The first units worked with engines of 1.1 and 1.3 liters. These products were labeled as follows - DAAZ 2108. Later, the DAAZ plant began to produce the Solex 21083 model, which was intended for engines with a volume of one and a half liters. Consider the device, since carburetor adjustment is impossible without this knowledge.

This unit is designed to form a fuel mixture on which the engine can operate in all modes and at any load.

It has two parts. The bottom is the mainhousing, which directly contains diffusers, GDS, a system for ensuring engine idling, an accelerator pump, and an economizer. The device also includes a lid. It has an air damper, floats, a starting device and a solenoid valve. Despite the many components, setting up and adjusting the carburetor with your own hands is quite simple.

The carburetor consists of two chambers. The carburetor jets are located in the middle of the chambers, deep in the main body. Above these elements, air jets of the main dosing system are installed. Model 21083 also has a fuel mixture heating system. The pipes of the cooling system are attached to it. The carburetor throttles are located at the bottom of the base body. They open sequentially. The second camera is moved by mechanical levers.

There are pipes in the carburetor cover. Through one of them, liquid fuel is supplied to the unit, and through the second, excess fuel goes into the tank. Due to the second pipe, the pressure in the vehicle's fuel system is reduced.

Main malfunctions

These mechanisms are characterized by certain malfunctions, many of which are solved by properly adjusting the DAAZ carburetor. Most often, owners are faced with clogging of the main dosing system. Also, motes can also enter a separately operating idle system.

As a result, the jet mounted on the solenoid valve is clogged. The diaphragm failsaccelerator pump, the solenoid valve wears out. Often, due to excessive efforts when tightening the carburetor, the plane of the cover is deformed. Many problems can be solved by cleaning the carburetor, purging its channels, replacing the repair kit.

Settings

VAZ carburetor adjustment ensures stable engine operation. Engineers have provided several settings. So, the owner can change the fuel level in the float chamber, adjust the engine speed in idle mode, change the qualitative composition and proportions of the combustible mixture in idle mode.

Mix quality setting

In this case, the adjustment of the Solex carburetor does not cause difficulties even for beginners. Everything is very simple. Before you tune anything, you should warm up the engine well. Then, using a plastic screw, set the crankshaft speed within 900 rpm.

Next, find the screw responsible for the quality of the mixture. It is in the hole on the bottom of the carburetor on the side of the damper drive. In the process of adjusting the carburetor, this screw should be tightened until the speed starts to drop. At the same time, the mixture becomes leaner - the proportions of fuel in it decrease. The engine runs out of fuel and tends to stall.

Then the screw is turned off and a position is found at which the motor will start to work stably. Sometimes it is recommended to stop there. But it is better to turn the screw until the engine idle speed stops increasing. If the turnovertoo large, they are reduced by the quantity screw. This is the do-it-yourself carburetor adjustment, or rather, the idle setting.

To get a good XX, it is recommended to tune it with the quality screw. If you turn the quantity screw, the throttle valve of the first chamber will open more than necessary. As a result, fuel will enter the diffusers not only through the idle system, but also through the GDS. Due to the rarefaction, the engine will suck out gasoline, it will drip from the nozzle of the accelerator pump. The revs will float and the motor will shake.

Idling, EMC jet

Often on this carburetor, many owners are faced with idling problems - it disappears. But also when adjusting the Solex carburetor, turning the quality screw does nothing. Often this is due to the fact that the jet responsible for the operation of the XX system is clogged. As a result, the fuel does not go through the system, but is sucked out of the GDS. Therefore, there is no reaction to the adjusting screws.

Highlight a few typical faults. This is a blockage of the jet and the idle channel, as well as a malfunction with the solenoid valve.

The valve is very easy to check. It is enough to apply +12 V to it and you can hear a characteristic click. If there is sound, then the valve is working. You can unscrew the part - remove the jet from it and observe the stem. When the valve is working, it will be recessed.

Next, in the process of adjusting the carburetor, it is necessary to blow the idle jet well. This will solve problems andXX, and with the setting. One small speck is enough to stop idling.

Fuel level adjustment

To ensure smooth operation, it is necessary that there is always fuel in the float chamber. However, the level of gasoline is very important. To adjust it, you need to remove the top cover. The floats are adjusted by bending the tongue over the needle valve. Much has been written about what level to set, but there is no unequivocal opinion on this matter.

It is best to adjust the VAZ carburetor according to the instructions. This is approximately 25 millimeters from the top of the carburetor to the fuel.

Adjustment features

The tuning methods discussed above solve almost all problems with these carburetors. A lot depends on how well the carburetor is adjusted. But there are other adjustments as well. You can also customize the launcher.

Idle jets

On sale you can find jets with a hole from 39 to 42 millimeters. You can choose the right one by turning the quality screw. If a stable maximum speed is reached with the screw almost completely turned out, then the jet is too small.

If the "slide" is found, and the screw is almost screwed, then the jet is large. There won't be much difference in engine performance. But in the case of a medium jet, adjusting the DAAZ carburetor will be much easier, and the engine idling will be smoother.

In closing

Despite the rather complicated device,carburetor is not as scary as it seems. It is enough to be able to adjust the idle speed, clean the jet and know how to turn the quality screw.