Load capacity ZIL-130: specifications, operation and repair

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:41

Many residents of Russia know the characteristic appearance of the ZIL-130 truck with a cabin painted in the color of a sea wave. In the Soviet Union, this car was the most massive, reliable and cheap to maintain medium-duty truck.

The simplicity and versatility of the design of this technique made it possible to use the chassis from this car for all kinds of vehicles, for example, on dump trucks and buses.

How the legendary car was created

Many motorists ask the question: how did you create the load-lifting ZIL-130? Work on the creation of a truck that was supposed to replace the obsolete ZIS-150 began in 1953. Design engineers from the famous plant named after I. V. Stalin took up the development. Initially, they wanted to call the new car ZIS-125 or 150M, but later it was decided to name the truck ZIL-130 with a carrying capacity of 4 tons.

Group of specialists in the field of mechanical engineering was headed by G. Festa and A. Krieger. Already 3 years later, an experienced truck was assembled. It could carry up to 4 tons of cargo in its open body.

After testing the load-lifting ZIL-130, engineers identified a number of shortcomings that were corrected for more than a year before launching mass production.

In 1957, the terms of reference developed for the creation of the lifting ZIL-130 changed. Now the updated car was produced from the factory assembly line in two versions: a truck and a tractor.

In 1959, the first modified airborne ZIL-130 with a carrying capacity of 4 tons with a new engine was assembled. Subsequently, he successfully passed the test at the test site. At the same time, the design of the cabin was developed by the leading artist of the ZIL plant T. Kiseleva.

The appearance, namely the windshield and the shape of the wings, was partially borrowed from American trucks from the 50s of the twentieth century

Trial serial production of cars, with a circulation of several dozen pieces, started in mid-1962. After 2 years, ZIL-130 (car carrying capacity 4 tons) began to be assembled on all conveyors of the plant. But the outdated model 164A was finally discontinued.

In the 1970s, the plant annually produced up to 200,000 ZIL-130 "shorty" vehicles with a carrying capacity of up to 6 tons.

In 1986, the Lenin plant carried out a wide modernization of the model, as a result of which the 130th was renamed ZIL-431410. Since then, an updated version was assembled until 1994. Also, this medium-duty truck was produced by the Novouralsk Automobile Plant under the AMUR brand until 2010.

Car design

To many truck loversI wonder what the technical characteristics and carrying capacity of the ZIL-130 are. The truck has a bonnet-type design with a rear-wheel drive. The maximum load that could be carried on early versions of the car was 5.5 tons. Lifting ZIL-130 after modernization could transport loads weighing up to 6 tons.

The riveted truck frame is made of channel profile spars and transverse reinforcements.

Axle suspensions are located on the leaf springs. For a smooth ride, telescopic shock absorbers on the front axle and springs on the rear axle are responsible.

Engine design

The first load-lifting dump trucks ZIL-130 were produced with a V-shaped overhead valve gasoline engine with six cylinders. The volume of the power unit is 5.2 liters. It was planned that the engine power would reach 135 horsepower, but during laboratory tests, engineers were unable to develop more than 120 horsepower on it.

During the modernization of ZIL-130 load-lifting dump trucks, their engine was replaced with a new one. This time, a 1E130 brand power unit was placed in the car. Its maximum power was 130 horsepower. The designers did not stop there, setting about developing a new lower-valve engine, which was later called the ZIL-120. The power unit has the same power as its predecessor.

As a result of a change in the terms of reference, which required an increase in engine traction, the engineers had to increase the power to 150Horse power. This required the development of a new six-liter V-shaped 8-cylinder engine. The designers coped with the task successfully, and already in 1958 the first experimental motor ZE130 was released, which was capable of developing power up to 151 horsepower.

After bench testing, the motor required minor modifications. A year later, the plant launched mass production of this unit for the movement of a truck. In the future, the motor was subjected to numerous improvements.

The car ran on A-76 gasoline, fuel consumption per 100 km was about 29 liters.

One of the modifications of the truck called "ZIL-138" was produced with LPG equipment. The motor ran on liquefied natural gas. The 138A modification truck was also invented and put into production. Its engine ran on compressed gas. Motor power - 120 horsepower.

Starting from 1974, the machine-building plant organized the production of two specialized models at once based on the load-lifting ZIL-130: a dump truck and a collective farmer. It was decided to assign the marking 130K to the first car. It was produced with a reinforced chassis for transporting bulk cargo (sand, earth, gravel, etc.). The second model of the truck was called "130AN". These two new cars were equipped with 6-cylinder lower valve engines that produce 110 horsepower.

ZIL-130 cars were also exported. Models traveling abroad of the USSR were equipped with one of three power units:

• diesel engine brand Perkins 6.345 (power 140horsepower);
• Valmet 411BS engine (power 125 horsepower);
• Leyland gasoline engine developing 137 horsepower.

Hydraulics

A hydraulic cylinder was installed on dump trucks, which is needed for convenient unloading of the body. The pressure for lifting heavy loads was created by a gear pump, it was installed on the power take-off. But there was no hydraulic system on the ZIL-130 flatbed trucks.

Truck transmission

To develop a gearbox for ZIL, a unit was taken from an outdated ZIS-150 truck. The transmission has five forward gears. Synchronizer is installed on the top four gears. Fifth gear straight. The single disc dry clutch is mechanically actuated.

For tractors and dump trucks, the designers wanted to develop a two-speed rear axle with the ability to shift gears using a clutch, but the unit could not be put into mass production as a result of numerous shortcomings. Subsequently, it was decided to complete all ZIL modifications with a rear axle with one speed.

Management

The legendary truck was controlled by the steering mechanism. It was built on the principle of a nut and a screw. It also had a power steering. The steering column was placed in the cab. The three-spoke steering wheel is made of plastic.

In export optionstruck, which was planned to be sent to African countries, an additional radiator was installed that cooled the working fluids of the car.

Wiring

The truck's 12-volt electrical network is powered by a battery, the negative terminal is connected to the car body. Depending on the modification of the truck, generators of various models with different power (from 225 to 1260 W) were installed on the engines.

A rather massive battery was placed under the cab of the car.

For the needs of the army, upgraded versions of the ZIL-130 trucks were produced, which were protected from moisture by waterproof and sealing equipment.

Brakes

The brakes of the drum-type truck were equipped with a pneumatic drive. Compressors with two cylinders were developed for pneumatic operation, as well as receivers with a capacity of 20 liters.

The handbrake on the first ZIL-130 models could be activated using a lever in the cab. When it was turned on, the brake mechanism was activated, which is located on the output shaft of the manual transmission.

All ZIL trucks are equipped with an outlet for connecting trailer pneumatic brakes to it. This equipment is located at the rear of the vehicle on the frame cross member next to the tow hook.

On later models of trucks, separate brake drives were installed on the rear and front axles. They are able to adjust the force to prevent skidding.

Also changedand hand brake. On the updated version of the ZIL-130, a separate pneumatic system was used, which did not allow the car to move from the parking lot. She was also responsible for the emergency stop of the car in the event of failure of the main drum brakes.

Appearance of the body and cab

The cab of the truck is all-metal, had two doors. Its volume allowed to accommodate up to three people: the driver and two passengers. For the winter season, a stove is installed in the car. Wipers are located on the windshield. Glasses on the doors are lowered and raised manually, next to them there are swivel triangular windows. On the roof of the first car models, holes were made for interior ventilation, but later the designers abandoned such a technological solution.

Until 1974, there were no repeaters on trucks. Later, on modified versions, yellow turn signals were placed on the wings of the car.

For civilian purposes, a one-piece windshield was installed in the ZIL cab. In the military version of the truck, the windshield consisted of two halves of the same size.

Depending on the modification, there were two types of grille lining on the outside of the cab:

1. Small slots for air duct. Headlights are installed at the bottom of the cab above the bumper.
2. Headlights are located above the grille. To cool the radiator, large holes were made in the front of the cab.

The truck has a side platform made of wood to reinforcedesign, a metal amplifier was additionally installed. The standard platform consisted of two sides on the sides of the car. Three sides were made on the extended version of the 130GU. To store tools that could come in handy in the event of a machine breakdown, a place was provided in the cab under the floor.

Scope of technique

We have already determined the carrying capacity of the ZIL-130. For what purpose were they released? Such small-tonnage trucks (the maximum permitted load is 6 tons) were very useful in the national economy. One of the modifications of the machine produced buses of the Tajikistan brand, tanks for the transport of liquid cargo, dump trucks for the delivery of sand and gravel, as well as mobile technical vehicles. To extinguish fires, fire trucks equipped with a water tank, fire hoses and pumps for pumping water from a reservoir were released from the assembly line.

A special army version of the ZIL-130E truck was created for the armed forces. The equipment of such a machine additionally included large-capacity canisters, a set of tools, caps for masking car headlights in the dark. Trucks were also made with a side and an awning increased in height. On the right side member in some models, an additional fuel tank was installed, which is designed for 170 liters of gasoline.

Truck upgrades

For many years of production of the ZIL-130 cardesigners carried out 3 large-scale updates, after which the name of the model changed. The first modernization was successfully completed in 1966. Then the updated truck was called ZIL-130-66. The second one took place 10 years later. The name was changed to ZIL-130-76. The last major upgrade took place in 1984. Then the name of the model was changed for ZIL-130-80.

During the first modernization, it was possible to increase the resource of the main units of the car up to 200 thousand kilometers before the first overhaul. The engineers also increased the power of the power unit.