"KrAZ-256" - "indestructible" dump truck

2024 Author: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-19 11:42

KrAZ-256 is a Soviet dump truck that replaced the earlier YaAZ and KrAZ-222 trucks in 1966. The car was the first post-war heavy-duty vehicle. Having a huge size, it was practically not used in the municipal economy, but it still works in quarries today. Its release lasted 11 years, after which, with the advent of KamAZ trucks, the need for such a giant disappeared.

The production of the car was restored in 1986, but none of the 18 copies that appeared in that period survived. At the same time, you can find a car in the car markets that was produced in the first 11 years. Its main features are a large carrying capacity, a huge weight of components (many parts were made of cast iron) and high cross-country ability.

Lineup

Kremenchug plant was originally built for the production of heavy, heavy trucks. First, model 222, called "Dnepr-222", was produced at the turn of the 50s of the last century. After 6 years, the KrAZ-256 appeared, which received the best developments of the 222nd version. This machine has found wide application in quarrying or large-scaleconstruction sites. Its main body was a bucket-type dump truck without a tailgate. At the same time, on-board versions of trucks were also produced on the basis of this modification, but for a number of reasons these models were not distributed.

Over the 11 years of production, KrAZ-256 has been modernized several times, but the changes were mainly reflected only in the cab and hood. The main body remained unchanged. The car received its recognition as a simple and unpretentious strong man. Sometimes there are sayings: "a strong car is for strong men." If we recall that the Yaroslavl trucks produced in the post-war years served as the prototype of the car, then the statement takes on a different meaning. The controls of the car required considerable physical strength from the driver.

During the entire time of production, a lot of cars came off the assembly line that had the same parameters. One of them is the KrAZ-256 dump truck. The characteristics of the truck have changed only two times. For the first time, a model was released for the conditions of the Far North, which received the symbol "C" in the title. She had an insulated cabin and hood. Also appeared version "B", which had a divided brake system.

External parameters

Let's consider the external parameters of the KrAZ-256 car. The machine has a 6x4 wheel formula, two rear drive axles are reinforced with a pair of wheels on each. The dump truck bucket in the raised position deviates by an angle of 60 degrees. The total length is 8100 mm, the distance between the centers of the rear wheels is 1400, between the front and first rear wheels is 4080 (along the axes). From the front bumper to the center of the frontwheels - 1005 mm. The width of the dump truck is 2640 mm at the wheel hubs, the height is 2670 mm along the cab and 2830 mm along the bucket canopy. With the bucket up, the height is 5900 mm.

The volume of the bucket is 6 cubic meters, it takes 20 seconds to completely unload. In half a minute, the bucket is fully raised (lowered). Tipping uses a gear pump and a 2-cylinder hydraulic system. Ground clearance is 290 mm. The track of the front wheels is 1950 mm, the rear - 1920. The machine is equipped with R20 disc wheels and two fuel tanks.

One of the reasons for the wide distribution of this model was the ability to climb down a slope of more than 30 degrees ("KamAZ" climbs only 18).

Under the hood

Now let's move on to other data of the KrAZ-256 dump truck. The specifications of this unit are as follows:

• volume - 14.87 l, 2100 rpm, 240 hp;
• V-piston arrangement;
• 8 cylinders;
• as an option, you can install a pre-heater;
• with a large volume, fuel consumption will be 39 liters per 100 km;
• car capable of reaching speeds of 68 km/h;
• clutch - double disc, friction, dry;
• pressure springs are located on the periphery;
• 5-speed manual transmission.

Dual-circuit pneumatics did not allow engine braking on slopes, because with this action the compressor was idling, and then stop the carthere was simply nothing. The first circuit of the system worked with the front and middle axles, the second - only with the rear. The parking attendant blocked the rear axle.

Conclusion

As already mentioned, the modernization of the machine during the release was carried out several times, but globally it did not change, so all the machines had the same name - "KrAZ-256". The photos presented in the article show the difference between the base model (first photo) and the version that received the “B” index (fourth photo). Otherwise, dump trucks are practically no different.